Emotional Intelligence by Daniel Goleman Essay -- Daniel Goleman Intel

Emotional Intelligence by Daniel Goleman   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  In the book Emotional Intelligence by Daniel Goleman, the central thesis that he tries to point out is that emotional intelligence may be more important than I.Q. in determining a person’s well being and success in life. At first I didn’t know what Goleman was talking about when he said emotional intelligence, but after reading the book I have to say that I agree completely with Goleman. One reason for my acceptance of Goleman's theory is that academic intelligence has little to do with emotional life. To me, emotions can be just as intelligent as your I.Q. In this essay I hope to provide sufficient evidence to show why I agree with Goleman’s thesis on emotional intelligence.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The first topic that I want to touch on is the idea of academic intelligence having little to do with emotional life. Goleman states that, â€Å"Emotional intelligence is the ability to motivate oneself, persist in the face of frustrations, regulate one’s moods and keep distress from swamping the ability to think.† I feel that academic intelligence gives you no preparation for the turmoil and opportunities that life brings. The funny thing is that our schools and our culture are still fixated on our academic abilities. Even though emotional intelligence is a new concept, the information that does exist suggests it can be as powerful as I.Q. Instead, we should acknowledge emotional intelligence as a set of traits that can matter immensely on our person...

Obedience to Authority

Title of the Research The title of this research is â€Å"Obedience of soldiers to authority depicted in Saving Private Ryan novel by Max Allan Collins† 1. 2 Field and Object of the study The field of study in this research is literature while the object of this research is novel entitled Saving Private Ryan by Max Allan Collins. This research focuses on how chosen soldiers who got order to save Ryan respond and obey the superior authority.Also, this research will apply sociological psychology of obedience criticism theory and use psychological approach. 1. Background of the study Obedience in the community can not be separated from the culture. Obedience to rules formed by human could still be considered by moral parameters of each individual, as well as obedience to the rules and values of religion in public life, moral constraints and considerations make us able to make obedience become unstable, it is different with its laws which firm, obedience to the rule of law can not be contested by any.In military, obedience to the authority of superior is the highest oath for subordinate soldier. According to lieutenant colonel Kenneth H. Winker in his paper on Air University, all American military personnel have made a promise to obey in the form of the enlistment oath or the commissioning oath. (Winker, 1981). Every order, without exception, still in the environment of military and governmental, must be obeyed without asking, hesitating, or do refusing.One will be punished or at least not rewarded if he does not obey. While this may be true and may sometimes provide sufficient reason (on teleological grounds) for complying with orders or regulations, nonetheless, it provides grounds only for compliance (not obedience) and only in those instances where the disobedience will be noted. We are more interested in an obedience based on the authority of the superior than in a compliance due to the superior's ability to give rewards and punishments.We are intereste d in a moral obligation to obey even when no rewards or punishments are involved and when disobedience will not even be noted. (CB. Brian M. Barry, Political Argument. 1965: 84) One thing for sure, obedience to the authority of superior would be rewarded although in the military, the difference of performance would not always be rewarded, and, the refusing to the authority of superior will got rank dropped even loss the trust, for breaking the oath, therefore, obedience is perfect, could not be undermined by mere refusal.As the researcher takes obedience in military, the object for this research is a novel entitled Saving Private Ryan by Max Allan Collins based on screenplay by Robert Rotate, also filmed in Hollywood by well- known director, Steven Spielberg who make many succeed movies, such as Jurassic about eight soldier being a squad who got order from the supreme head, president Abraham Lincoln to save a mere soldier named James Ryan. This order comes up when three other brothe rs of Ryan killed in battlefield as his family Just has them as children for their parent's; actually his family is only Ryan and his mother.He must be returned to his family whatever way, even it could sacrifices other soldiers. Psychology for the chosen savior soldiers is analyzed, how they respond to this authority. 1. 4 Research Question Based from the background of the research, the research questions that will lead the research are: 1 . How do the chosen soldiers respond a simple order for saving the fourth James Ryan in Saving Private Ryan by Max Allan Collins? 2. What are the effects of obeying the authority for saving Ryan in Saving Private Ryan by Max Allan Collins? 1. Research Purpose The purposes of this research is to answer the research question and to give conclusion about the research based on the title of the research, further explanation for the purpose of the research would lead reader to understand the problem case of the research, they are: 1. To find out the ps ychological respond of the chosen soldier to the authority for saving Ryan in Saving Private Ryan. 2. To find out how the effects of the obedience of soldiers to superior authority in the story. 1. Research Limitation The research limitation make the researcher focus on the purpose of the research.Limitation contains characteristics of methodology that influenced the application of the results that support the establishment of internal and external validity of the data. In this research, researcher will focus on social psychology, and most of them would described in agency and obedience theory by Stanley Amalgam while other would described about psychology in common, psychology of soldier in military this research, the researcher will analyze Saving Private Ryan novel by Max Allan Collins focus on the obedience of the soldiers in the story.In this section will be explained about the theory used and also other data that support the research. 2. 1 Psychology in General Psychology dire cted toward the will or toward the mind specifically in its conceive function (Merriam Webster Dictionary), Conation itself refers to the intentional and personal motivation of behavior (e. G. , the proactive direction, energize, and persistence of behavior. (Hut, 1999). Psychology comes from Greek words, psyche which meaner the soul' and logos meaner the study of a subject', so that the psychology is the study of human behavior (Aimed, 2009: 72).Psychology has traditionally identified and studied three components of mind: cognition, affect, and conation (Hut, 1996; Talon, 1997). Cognition refers to the process of coming to know information. It is generally associated with the question of â€Å"what† (e. G. , what happened, what is going on now, what is the meaning of that information. ) Affect refers to the emotional interpretation of perceptions, information, or knowledge. It is generally associated with one's attachment (positive or negative) to people, objects, ideas, etc . D asks the question â€Å"How do I feel about this knowledge or information? † Conation refers to the connection of knowledge and affect to behavior and is associated with the issue of â€Å"why. † It is the personal, intentional, playful, deliberate, goal-oriented, or striving component of motivation, the proactive (as opposed to reactive or habitual) aspect of behavior (Bandmaster, Barbarously, Maureen ; Dice, 1998; Moons, 1986). It is closely associated with the concept of volition, defined as the use of will, or the freedom to make choices about what to do (Kane, 1985; Michel, 1996).It is absolutely critical if an individual is to successfully engage in self-direction and self-regulation. 2. 2 Psychology in Literature Psychology and literature can be considered as bounded aspect, which, literature as mother study, contains many theories and analysis such as social, moral, philosophy, critics, and the most important thing, literature always use human as the main s ubject for all the conflict as the reflection of other problems and theories used in analysis of literature. Human itself has psychological system that can be explained and analyzed towards the conflicts and problems in the literature.Mcneil and Rubin stated about psychology understanding, â€Å"Human behavior is nothing less than the substance of our lives – our actions, our thoughts, our attitudes, our moods, even our hopes and dreams†¦ The purpose of Psychology as a science and profession is two fold ; first, to provide better answers to psychological questions than the â€Å"everyday psychologist† faces; and second to help people make use of these answers in shaping their own lives† (Mcneil and Rubin, The Psychology of Being Human. 994: 4) Literary works mostly reflect the behavior of human, in other words the forms of human can be seen through literary works. Psychology can be studied beyond the actions, thoughts attitudes, moods, hopes and dreams of h uman, and all of that can be found in literary works, considering that complex story work like novel narrates and describes characters behavior in a specific way. The psychology studies divide into four; they are General Psychology, Child Psychology, Social-psychology and Organizational Psychology.As the object of this research is a novel about war, focusing in obedience of soldier to authority in military, the social psychology theory is used. Furthermore, this lead to description of psychology of soldier in military in neural and the obedience theory by Stanley Amalgam, then, the analysis in order to get the purpose of this research will mix those data. 2. 3 Psychology of Soldier Psychology or psychic or mental is the most important basic aspect in order to Join military, rather than physic and strength.Psychology can lead a soldier change the behavior in war, as their Job is to protect or attack a country (sees). Actually, the most appearing mental stressed and disorder is come f rom the military. The violence in war is variable, murder, assassination, decimation, daughter, homicide, and other killing manners and terms' is become their daily diet. Outside killing, rape, persecution, etc, then it slowly affect to the psychological disorder.In Post Traumatic Stress Disorder (PETS) case, Michele K analyzed the physical violence in signs and the * Assault Sexual or physical abuse Childhood neglect Car or plane crashes Terrorist attacks Sudden death of a loved one Rape Kidnapping Common symptoms of post-traumatic stress disorder (PETS) Anger and irritability Guilt, shame, or self-blame Substance abuse Suicidal thoughts and feelings Feeling alienated and alone Feelings of mistrust and betrayal Depression and hopelessnessPhysical aches and pains Basically, in military there are 2 divisions in general for military psychologist develop and work in the soldier psychology, they are Operational Psychology division and Health, Organization, and Occupation Psychology divi sion. Operational psychology is the use of psychological principles and skills to improve a military commander's decision making as it pertains to conducting combat and/or related operations. (Stall ; Stephenson, 2006: 18(4)).Military psychologists perform work in a variety of areas, to include operating mental health and family counseling clinics, performing search to help select recruits for the armed forces, determining which recruits will be best suited for various military occupational specialties, and performing analysis on humanitarian and peacekeeping missions to determine procedures that could save military and civilian lives. Some military psychologists also work to improve the lives of service personnel and their families.Other military psychologists work with large social policy programs within the military that are designed to increase diversity and equal opportunity. (Division 19 Society for Military Psychology, 2009) In military, there is Military Human Resource Devel opment. In USA, based on the report of SADIE F. IDENTIFIED, staff manager on American Psychological Association (PAP), from congressional briefing at military,there are 3 subfields: Human factor, training, recruitment, and retention.Human Factors. Retired Cool. Gerald P. Krueger, PhD, presented results of ongoing studies of the performance-degrading effects of clothing designed to protect soldiers from chemical and biological weapons. In a study published in Military Medicine (Volvo. 166, No. 2), and Military Psychology (Volvo. 9, No. ), Krueger reported that two types of common military gear–M-40 gas masks, which are air-filtration headgear currently being used by the U. S. Litany in Iraq, and the Battledress Overpayment, a protective layer of clothes worn over a standard military uniform–impair many routine activities such as walking, smelling and breathing, though they effectively protect the wearer from chemical and biological interactions, psychological research o n training is also crucial to the military, reported Cool. Robert Roland, Used, of the Industrial College of the Armed Forces at the National Defense University in Washington, D. C. He said DoC)-funded psychological research has helped military commanders develop Survival, Evasion, Resistance and Escape (SERE) training.Recruitment. Other promising research in the SERE area is designed to help military commanders and trainers identify factors that improve service members' ability to respond to high-stress combat and captivity situations. Stress-hardy individuals, said Roland, exhibit measurable differences from their peers on variables such as heart-rate, self perception and cognitive processes. Retention. Besides recruiting, another important aspect of military human resource management is retaining enlistees. Howard M.Weiss, PhD, head of the department of psychological sciences and co-director of the Military Family Research Institute at Purdue University, summarized some of the in stitute's findings on ways in which the military can encourage re-enlistment. Commitment to the military, says Weiss, is central to predicting re-enlistment, and for married soldiers, spousal commitment is also important. In light of this finding, Weiss and his colleagues are developing measurements of military member and spousal commitment and examining the effects of quality of life on military commitment and retention.Ultimately, reported Weiss, this research will aid the military in increasing the retention rates of trained soldiers. 2. 4 Psychology of Obedience (Amalgam's Theory of Obedience to Authority) 2. 4. 1 Obedience in general Obedience, in human behavior, is a form of â€Å"social influence in which a person yields to explicit instructions or orders from an authority figure. (Coalman, 2009). Obedience is a kind of the consistency of a human to follow the rule or the authority that is given from the public agreement or the superior.Obedience usually based on two moral e ffects, when someone take vow to obey superior authority or rules, he/she must do it thou any hesitate, question, and refuses, penthouses it contrary to his/her belief in the truth to the authority itself. Those effects are sin and virtue; sin appeared when the order from superior is aimed to bad things, like killing people for money. Whereas, virtue appeared when the order from superior is aimed for the shake of public protection, killing people to avoid many other people being killed like terrorism. . 4. 2 Stanley Amalgam and His Theory of Obedience to Authority The psychology of obedience actually has been analyzed by New Yorker social psychologist Stanley Amalgam. He was born in 1933. He graduated from James Monroe High School in 1950, along with fellow classmate and future social psychologist, Phil Zanzibar. Amalgam published Obedience to Authority in 1974 and was awarded the annual social psychology award by the American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS) for hi s life's work but mostly for his work with obedience.Luckily, Amalgam also focuses on the obedience to authority in environment of military; he seeks all the problems of psychological within obedience and how the soldier responds the order and what the effect which would arose if they obey the authority. According to Amalgam, every human has the dual capacity to function as an individual exercising his or her own moral Judgment and the capacity to make their own moral decisions based on their personal character. What is still a mystery is this, what own moral Judgment?It is ironic that virtues of loyalty, discipline, and self-sacrifice that we value so highly in the individual are the very properties that create destructive organizational engines of war and bind men to malevolent systems of authority. (Obedience to Authority, 1974, p. 188). In war, mostly,the authority given reportedly to attack, defense, saving, medic, report, assassin, and other basic orders that in morality case, those authority refers to virtue that if the soldiers obey, it would have positive results.However, in other cases, the authority which leads to sin also appeared in the war, Such as My Alai incident in Vietnam, where 350 unarmed civilization killed by American soldiers because of their superior authority. 2. 4. 3 Obedience to Authority Experiments Image Information: E: Experimenter T: Teacher L: Learner The participants in the Amalgam experiment were 40 men recruited using newspaper ads. In exchange for their participation, each person was paid $4. 50. Amalgam developed an intimidating shock generator, with shock levels starting at 30 volts and increasing in 1 5-volt increments all the way up to 450 volts.The many switches were labeled with terms including â€Å"slight shock,† â€Å"moderate shock† and â€Å"danger: severe shock. † The final two switches were labeled simply with an ominous â€Å"XX. † Each participant took the role of a â€Å"teacherâ €  who would then deliver a shock to the â€Å"student† every time an incorrect answer was produced. While the participant leveled that he was delivering real shocks to the student, the student was actually a confederate in the experiment who was simply pretending to be shocked. As the experiment progressed, the participant would hear the learner plead to be released or even complain about a heart condition.Once the 300-volt level had been reached, the learner banged on the wall and demented to be released. Beyond this point, the learner became completely silent and refused to answer any more questions. The experimenter then instructed the participant to treat this silence as an incorrect response and deliver a further shock. Most participants asked the experimenter whether they should continue. The experimenter issued a series of commands to prod the participant along: 1. â€Å"Please continue. † 2. â€Å"The experiment requires that you continue. † 3. †Å"It is absolutely essential that you continue. † 4. You have no other choice, you must go on. † Results of the Amalgam Experiment The level of shock that the participant was willing to deliver was used as the measure of obedience. How far do you think that most participants were willing to go? When Amalgam posed this question to a group of Yale University students, it was predicted hat no more than 3 out of 100 participants would deliver the maximum shock. In reality, 65% of the participants in Amalgam's study delivered the maximum shocks. Of the 40 participants in the study, 26 delivered the maximum shocks while 14 stopped before reaching the highest levels.It is important to note that many of the subjects became extremely agitated, distraught and angry at the experimenter. Yet they amount of anxiety experienced by many of the participants, all subjects were debriefed at the end of the experiment to explain the procedures and the use of deception. However, many critics of the study have argued that many of the artisans were still confused about the exact nature of the experiment. Amalgam later surveyed the participants and found that 84% were glad to have participated, while only 1% regretted their involvement. 2. 4. Factors That Increase Obedience According to Amalgam, there are some circumstances that make obedience level is high, thus, the highest circumstances are: * Commands were given by an authority figure rather than another volunteer * The experiments were done at a prestigious institution * The authority figure was present in the room with the subject * The learner was n another room * The subject did not see other subjects disobeying commands In everyday situations, people obey orders because they want to get rewards, because they want to avoid the negative consequences of disobeying, and because they believe an authority is legitimate.In more extreme situations, people obey even when they are required to violate their own values or co mmit crimes. Researchers think several factors cause people to carry obedience to extremes: * People Justify their behavior by assigning responsibility to the authority rather than themselves. * People define he behavior that's expected of them as routine. * People don't want to be rude or offend the authority. People obey easy commands first and then feel compelled to obey more and more difficult commands. This process is called entrapment, and it illustrates the foot-in-the-door phenomenon 2. 4. 5 Moral Obligation Vs. Authority In military, one can see the perspective of authority that there is no moral obligation to obey authority merely because there is oath that make soldier, in this case, the subordinate must obey authority because it is authority. According to U.S Military, hen one enlists the United States Military, active duty or reserve, they must take (pronounce and apply) the following oath: I do solemnly swear (or affirm) that I will support and defend the Constitution of the United States against all enemies, foreign and domestic; that I will bear true faith and allegiance to the same; and that I will obey the orders of the President of the United States and the orders of the officers appointed over me, according to regulations and the Uniform Code of Military Justice.Military members who fail to obey the lawful orders of their superiors risk serious consequences. Article 90 of the Uniform Code of Military Justice (UCM) makes it a crime for a military member to WILLFULLY disobey a superior commissioned officer. Article 91 makes it a crime to WILLFULLY disobey a superior Noncommissioned or Warrant Officer. Article 92 makes it a crime to disobey any lawful order (the disobedience does not have to be â€Å"willful† under this article). (Uniform Code of Military Justice (UCM)).In fact, under Article 90, during times of war, a military member who willfully disobeys a superior commissioned officer can be sentenced to death. But authority is not extraneous to obedience. Obedience is not merely doing what another decides but rather doing it because it is the decision of an authority. I do not obey, unless we use â€Å"obey† in a very broad sense. Complying is a matter of doing what another wants us to do?for whatever reason we decide to comply. Obedience, on the other hand, is a specific variety of compliance. It is a compliance based on authority.In other words, an authority is a necessary condition for obedience. When we obey, we do so because someone's decision is authoritative. But this does not mean that when we obey we do so Just because someone's decision is authoritative. For example, suppose that (1) a legitimate authority decides that a subordinate is to do something, x. Further suppose that (2) the subordinate has determined that doing x is valuable whenever the authority says to do x. Now suppose that (3) the subordinate does x because of (1) and (2). It would seem that the subordinate is obeying.He is doi ng x whenever the authority says to. In other words, he is doing x because x has been authoritatively decided but not Just because it has been authoritatively decided. He is doing x because of (1) but not Just because of (1). He is doing it because of (1) and (2). It is important to reject this Just because terminology, for rejecting the terminology allows us an obedience that is more than the blind response of a robot. If obedience were based only on authority, then it would not matter whether the authority is a Hitler in Nazi Germany, a Mafia chief, or a Boy Scout patrol leader.Any other consideration besides the existence of the authoritative order would then be extraneous. And since authority by itself cannot morally Justify obedience, any obedience based only on authority would not be morally Justified. Hence, it is not enough to say to the subordinate, â€Å"You should obey e because I'm the authority. † The intelligent subordinate will recognize that Hitless and Boy Sc out patrol leaders are authorities also. When trying to Justify obedience, we must appeal to more than the fact of authority. Obedience should not be â€Å"Just because† of authority.Otherwise the obligation to obey is equally strong for Hitless, chiefs of staff, and Boy Scout patrol leaders. 2. 4. 6 Summary of The Story SUMMARY Chapter 1: A Family Visit An American grandfather with his wife, his children and grandchildren visits a big cemetery in France. The grandfather prays, the grandson wonders why. Chapter 2: On the Landing Beach American soldiers wait on boats to land on the beach in Normandy in June 1944. Some of the boats are blown to pieces at once, and those who survive see incredibly gruesome scenes. Landing on the beach, many are killed.Captain Miller saves a young private, Delaney. Chapter 3: Landing Miller and Delaney get to the beach, then Delaney is killed, along with hundreds of others. Miller uses Delaney body as a shield to protect himself. Some soldiers ar rive at the sea wall, where it is harder for the enemy to shoot them, and they realize they are two kilometers from where they are supposed to be. Chapter 4: On the Beach Using explosives, a number of soldiers force their way off the beach. Some of Miller's soldiers have survived. The doctor, Wade, takes risks to help a friend.A little further on, they attack a German machine gun position, and capture it. They are now safe for the moment. Chapter 5: A Problem In Washington, secretaries are typing letters to families of dead soldiers. The colonel responsible realizes that three brothers, from the Ryan family in Iowa, have all been killed very recently. The fourth Ryan brother is in France. The colonel is worried about the effect on public relations. Enervation earlier decides they must save the fourth brother, even if it meaner other soldiers taking enormous risks.Chapter 6: The Mission Captain Miller and his group are still in France. Miller is given the urgent Job of finding the fo urth Ryan brother, and has a squad of eight soldiers to help him. They will have to pass through enemy lines. Chapter 7: On the Road The soldiers are more than a little skeptical about their mission. They wonder why they should risk all their lives to rescue one unimportant soldier who may in any case already be dead. Driving down a very dangerous road, heir Jeep is destroyed by a bomb and they have to continue on foot.Chapter 8: Nouvelle-AU-plain The eight soldiers meet American soldiers in Nouvelle who were hoping for much bigger reinforcements and are disappointed to see such a small squad, on a mission which seems difficult to Justify. The squad begin looking for Ryan. French civilians ask them to take their children to safety, but this is against orders. One of the soldiers, Capron, is killed while playing with the children. Chapter 9: Private Ryan The Americans kill five Germans in a building. The squad find Private Ryan and tell him that all his brothers are dead.But it is th e wrong Private Ryan! This Private Ryan only has brothers who are much too young to be in the army. They then try to find out where the company of the other James Ryan is stationed. Chapter 10: New Hope They walk on in the night, discussing their mission with some cynicism. They meet up with more Americans, but they can't find Ryan. They sort through large numbers of identity tags belonging to dead soldiers, but there is none with the name of Private Ryan on. They finally find someone who knows where his company is – twenty-five kilometers away.Chapter 1 1: Germans The squad comes across a German aching gun post and after an argument decides to take it before continuing. Some of the soldiers consider this to be an unnecessary risk, but Miller thinks that not to take the gun position would put other soldiers in great danger. The squad's medic, Wade, is hit by five bullets. Chapter 12: The Prisoner Wade the medic takes drugs to kill himself, because he is dying. One of the Germ an soldiers surrenders. Some of the squad want to kill him. They make him bury the dead American soldiers.Captain Miller allows the prisoner to go free. One of the soldiers, Robber, is so angry about this he wants to mutiny and leave the group. Serge threatens to shoot him, but Miller calms everyone down. Chapter 13: Ramble Hiding from German tanks, disorders arrive in Ramble. Just before they arrive, thrives are saved by Private Ryan! Miller delivers his message to Ryan and says they are taking him home. Remunerates to come, since the bridge his group is defending stop important, and because he does not want to abandon his fellow soldiers, who are already short of personnel.Chapter 14: The Bridge The squad decides to help hold the bridge. They draw up a new plan, position the machine guns, and make some specially improvised â€Å"sticky bombs† to attack the tanks with. The German tanks attack, and the soldiers fight bravely and effectively. The German prisoner they had previ ously released is again fighting and is killed. Captain Miller dies, his last words to Ryan being â€Å"earn this. † Chapter 1 5: Memories Many years later James Ryan visits Captain Miller's grave with his wife, and asks him if he has indeed earned what Miller and his friends did for him.Ryan asks his wife, to whom he has told little of his terrible war experiences, to reassure him that he has lived a good life. RESEARCH METHOD 3. 1 Method of the Research This research uses a qualitative method to analyze the object in the research. A qualitative method observes or records the people,setting or institution in natural setting that concepts, hypotheses and theories in describing the process, meaning and understanding the object in the form of words or pictures are built in this research (Merriam in Crewel, 1994: 145) 3. The Data resources Data is the information about every related thing to the purpose of the research (Druid, 2007: 83). The data used in this research are divide d into two parts as follow: a. The Primary Source The primary source of this research is novel by Max Allan Collins based on screenplay by Robert Rotate entitled Saving Private Ryan published in 1998 level 6 of penguin readers. B. Secondary Data Secondary data are all supporting data and other references also relevant information about the object which included books, Journals, dictionary, articles and internet based files. . 3 Technique of Data Collection To obtain the necessary data, the writer read the whole of the novel carefully and repeatedly. Then, the writer could understand and get a deep comprehension. The next method is folding the important pages which consist of the problem that will be analyzed in study. Then, underlining and making a note for the main data that related to the problem which will be analyzed by using some theories, concepts and approach. These Techniques are used to help easier in analyzing later.The main data are taken from the comprehension of narrati ve, dialogues, and conflicts of the characters which is stated in novel Saving Private Ryan. 3. 4 Technique of Data Analysis The technique to analyze the gathered data is divided into four steps. The steps are listed as follow: a. Data Collection In this research, the researcher collects the data which is related to the object of the search from the dialogues and narratives of the short story.The gathered data considered from both Primary and Secondary data and at least as much as possible data for the research. B. Data Reduction Data reduction step is summarizing, choosing and focusing on important things from the data. Any gathered data that seems not suitable for the further research will be reduced. The purpose of data reduction is to find out as much as possible related data from the previous step. C. Data Interpretation Data interpretation is to interpr

Essay On Preventing The War - 709 Words

Preventing The War Could the King of England have prevented the deaths of around 25,000 British soldiers by signing The Olive Branch Petition? It’s something we all wonder. But with the king’s constant acts, taxes, and the revolts and separate battles fought against him, the king brought the war upon himself. If the king signed the Olive Branch Petition, the war would have still would’ve happened and thousands would have still died. To begin with, The king had forced multiple acts onto the colonists. The first act that took place was the Navigation Act of 1651. The Navigation Acts were not allowing any trade by the colonists except with England. This was limiting their freedom that they were promised when they signed the Mayflower†¦show more content†¦Therefore, the king had proceeded to bring this war upon himself by making the colonists pay a few taxes on everyday items. Lastly, the king had caused, with the acts and taxes, multiple different rebellio ns in many different ways. One of the ways was through Bacon’s Rebellion in 1676. Bacon’s Rebellion was a rebellion started by a indentured servant named Nathaniel Bacon. Nathaniel Bacon was angry with the way he was treated after his years as a servant so he rebelled. This rebellion was against the king because he was not granted the amount of land that he was granted. A second way that the colonists rebelled was through The Boston Tea Party in 1773. The Boston Tea party was a rebellion where colonists threw over 90,000 pounds of tea was dumped into Boston’s harbor. The Boston Tea Party started because the king limited what brand of tea colonists could buy. It ended with the Coercive Acts. A third event that happened was The Battle of Lexington/ Concord in 1775. The Battle of Lexington occurred on the route that British soldiers were taking to Concord. They were attacked and then continued to battle again in Concord. The rebellion was against the king who told the soldiers to confiscate guns in Concord. 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In my essay â€Å"Keeping a Distance† IRead MoreHow Did the Framers Guard Against Tyranny?1729 Words   |  7 Pagesout-weighed the pros, it was clear that something had to be done. The framers decided to create a new government completely. The question was; How do we give the government the power it needs while preventing tyranny? This essay will address the many and varied was the constitution guards against tyranny. In this essay, the word tyranny refers to James Madison’s definition, which states, â€Å"The accumulation of all powers†¦in the same hands, whether of one, a few, or many (is) the very definition of tyranny.†Read MoreThe Main Influences Of Social Work1740 Words   |  7 Pagesdeveloped due to the aftermath of events that prompt a response from society. The main influences which are explored in this essay, managed to leave the biggest imprint on social work. The three main influences which have had the most significant effect are the Industrial revolution which triggered the origins of social work in the 19th century, secondly the Second World War which encouraged the Seebohm and Beveridge report to be produced and most recently the Changing Lives: Report of the 21st CenturyRead MoreEffective Innovation During The Interwar Period1439 Words   |  6 Pagesconstraints that pose a significant obstruction to effective in novation but the constraints focused on for this paper are budgetary, ideological systematic and political organizational. Budgetary constraints were significant, especially after World War I (WWI). WWI all but completely financially depleted the major powers that participated in this occupation, namely Germany, Britain and France. Regarding budget, money was tight and there were priorities and for some countries the priority was not fundingRead MoreThe Restoration of Strong Government Under Henry VII Essay567 Words   |  3 Pagesto ‘crush’ them, but merely control and limit their power, preventing rebellion and civil war. This essay examines the level of success Henry had in implementing his methods. I agree to an extent that the nobility was the main cause for the re-establishment of strong government, but there are other reasons into the restoration of strong government, which are key causes as well. In the aftermath of the War of the Roses, Henry was aware that an understanding with the

Social And Cultural Aspects Of Child Development - 960 Words

In this assignment the key topics relating to Early Years practice will be discussed including: the psychodynamic perspective (also known as emotional development), play and social-cultural factors. This assignment will present an explanation of the contribution made by the psychodynamic perspective to understanding child development and the application of this perspective to Early Years practice. In addition this assignment will identify the social and cultural aspects of child development. â€Å"The success of young children’s emotional development is very dependent on their individual personal experiences, the quality of social interactions with others and the influences of the environments in which they live† (Daly et al, 2006, p.142) There are two main theories under the psychodynamic perspective which are: Attachment theory and Psychoanalytic theory. The first theory this assignment will cover is the theory of attachment. John Bowlby was the first person to propose a theory of attachment, within the 1950’s and 60’s. Within this theory, it stated that attachment was ‘monotrophy’ which means that a child only attached to one figure (Walkup 2008). Bowlby also stated that this monotrophy figure had to be the mother, during a critical period which was specified as the first twelve months for most children. However, he also said that the period could expend up to 3 years. John Bowlby stated that without the mother figure to attach to, the child would suffer fromShow MoreRelatedPiaget s Theory Of Experiential Learning1481 Words   |  6 Pageslearning. Through Vygotsky’s realization of the childhood learning through â€Å"hands-on† experience (experiential learning), the cultural and socioeconomic factors defines the progress a child makes in the individual progression towards growth in the educ ational system. Piaget beheld similar views on experiential learning in the context of the family unit as an extension of social and educational progress through adaptation and guidance. Gardner’s Theory of Multiple Intelligences (TMI) also expands uponRead MoreThe Behavioral Perspective Of Human Development1327 Words   |  6 PagesHuman development is a process that occurs throughout the lifespan, and lifespan development theories offer frameworks for which to understand human growth. Different approaches focus on specific aspects of human life to determine which has the most significant influence on development. However, one theory usually does not account for all variables of human growth so more than one perspective may be used to analyze development. Two such perspectives, the behavioral and the contextual, explain developmentRead MoreSocial And Cultural Factors Have A Significant Influence1680 Words   |  7 Pages Social and cultural factors have a significant influence on the way a child interprets and views language. Language is a form of behaviour, a series of cultural and social practices that should be seen as appropriate (or not appropriate) for a given context (Green 2006). We could describe language as a set of conventions or rules that have been developed over time to provide communication and speech between one another. Not only is language important to society but specifically to education andRead MoreVygotsky And A Maori Model1658 Words   |  7 PagesHuman development theories are useful in understanding how a person develops throughout their life and there a several different perspectives in the realm of social work practice. Throughout this essay, we will explore a Cognitive development theory, by Lev Vygotsky and a Maori model, by Mason Durie. This essay will examine these theories in depth and explore how they can be used in social work practice. Vygotsky’s development theory, is a theory that focuses on the individual and the individual’sRead MoreDevelopment Of Infancy And Early Childhood1385 Words   |  6 PagesJessica Wilson Development in Infancy and Early Childhood Throughout the course of the human lifespan, the period of most rapid development extends through infancy and early childhood. The early stages of development that occur during this time set the stage upon which further and more specific aspects of development will occur. There are many different external and internal components which influence and guide development during this time. These components include the individual’s family, includingRead MoreBased on Relevant Reading and Personal Experience Outline the Theoretical Rationale for Play in the Development of Young Children.1134 Words   |  5 PagesBased on relevant reading and personal experience outline the theoretical rationale for play in the development of young children. This essay will outline the theoretical rationale for play in the development of young children. Boushel, Fawcett and Selwyn (2000:57) state, ‘Play is not easily defined...’ Play means different things to different people. Rubin, Fein and Vandenberg (1983) {cited in Hughes, 2010} suggest play should be intrinsically motivated, freely chosen, pleasurable, non literalRead MoreEssay on The Role of Methodology in Developmental Research1467 Words   |  6 Pagesexperience throughout the lifespan (Berk. E. L 2003). Developmental psychology focuses hugely on development in childhood, as major changes occur in childhood, it is the scientific study of ‘how we grow and develop’, (Davenport 1994). Developmental psychology aims to understand the important aspects of cognition, socialisation, emotional development, and personality development through childhood to adulthood. ‘Researchers are captivated by and want to understand the fascinatingRead MoreThe Problem Of Child Marriage Essay1628 Words   |  7 Pagesâ€Å"Child, early, and forced marriage is a worldwide, complex social problem that can lead to great disadvantages such as poverty, lack of education, inequality, disease and even death.† Workineh, Dejenu Kibretb, Degu (2015) defined child marriage as â€Å"any marriage carried out below the age of 18 years, before the girl is physically, physiologically, and psychologically ready to shoulder the responsibilities of marriage and childbearing† (p. 1). UNICEF defines child marriage as any formal marriageRead MoreDiscuss Major Theories Of Human Development And Learning Essay1617 Words   |  7 PagesDiscuss major theories of human development and learning, including MÄ ori and Pasifika perspectives. This essay will discuss Jean Piaget, Lev Vygotsky and their theories as well as critical points from their theories and explain how they relate back to each theory. It will discuss how both of these theories can be applied to work in relation to a role in the Early Childhood sector. It will include Dr. Rangimarie Pere’s studies in education and how they compare to those of Piaget and Vygotsky. This

Essay about Greek and Gothic Architecture - 948 Words

Gothic Architecture Have you ever noticed the style in the buildings of your city? Well the style comes from an antique type of architecture called gothic architecture. The buildings now days have many developed characteristics from this style. Gothic architecture brought to the world many new features; the most important was the ogival arch, it helped the structure of the buildings and their inside designs. Gothic architecture started when the roman empire declined and the middle ages arose. Some tribes began changing the roman architecture and then came up with a new type of architecture, gothic architecture. They changed the classic arches to ogival arches and they changed some of the materials of roman architecture so that the†¦show more content†¦It is different in many ways, it has a new type of arch and the way of constructing is not squared but people started playing more with design and thats why gothic buildings have pointed ends. The styles before it where not as advanced and well designed as gothic, they had many good things but the gothic style was revolutionary to history, many other styles including ours developed from gothic architecture. One of them is romanesque architecture. It is basicly the same thing but with minor improvements and changes. Gothic architecture has many good things, but as everything in life it has it bad characteristics. The style is well d esigned but the first buildings that were built in that style still stands, but with many bruises and antecedents of collapses. Any of this architectonic beauties were not exactly built to please us or people of the time, they were built as fortifications, castles, cathedrals, churches, and some of the richest lords living places. When the style expanded people began to like it, and like the style was expensive in that times, then people that could afford to it showed their power through the constructing of palaces, churches, cathedrals, fortifications, and castles. Many people didnt liked the style at the beginning, they would be trying to destruct the people that built, used or liked the style. This people didnt liked some changes like the change of the half circleShow MoreRelatedGothic Architecture As An Insult By Supporters Of Classic Greek Architecture1776 Words   |  8 PagesIt is not very well known that the Gothic in Gothic architecture was meant as an insult by supporter s of classic Greek architecture because they thought the style was barbarous and rude. But most French and European architects thought differently. That is why you can still see the presence of the Gothic style in Churches today like the Notre Dame Cathedral in Paris, France and Florence Cathedral, located in Florence, Italy. Used during the late medieval period, and easily identified by theRead MoreArchitecture: Classical Greek vs. Medieval Gothic Essays996 Words   |  4 PagesArchitecture: Classical Greek vs. Medieval Gothic Wendy DeLisio HUM_266 September 24, 2012 Taniya Hossain Architecture: Classical Greek vs. Medieval Gothic Looking at the design of different structures throughout the world, one may not realize the beauty of the art in each of them or the ideals on which they were constructed. For example the classical Greek era, 480 BCE – 330 BCE that held the ideals ofRead MoreThree Basic Theories of Art Criticism1097 Words   |  4 Pagesone will ever know the truth. 3. The ancient Romans admired all things Greek. Discuss how the Romans manifested this interest. The ancient Romans truly had a high regard for the ancient Greeks. This admiration was shown through the works of the Romans; they definitely emulated the ways of the Greeks in many aspects of their civilization. Roman architecture, for example, is similar to the Greeks’. Romans borrowed the Greeks’ columns and arches, which contributed to the collective invention of theRead MoreArt and Architecture in the Middle Ages and Renaissance Essay949 Words   |  4 Pagesmost visible through art and architecture, demonstrated specifically through an emphasis on religion or classical antiquity, and humanity. During the Middle Ages, art was more religious because it had a very religious influence from the church having such great power in the community. When the Renaissance started, art became more focused on ancient Greece. The Greek influence was because scholars were broadly studying the revival of classical antiquity. The architecture was affected in the same wayRead MoreIn dividualism And Secularism In The Renaissance867 Words   |  4 Pageswas relative to their day to day lives. The emphasis on these two ideas during the Renaissance affected the way people wrote, drew, and created architecture, by pushing them away from religion and focusing more on day to day life and the people involved with it. So, the ideas of secularism and individualism had affected the drawings literature and architecture of the renaissance by pushing the artists and creators away from religion and making them focus more on day to day life. The way Art wasRead MoreAncient Architecture : Ancient And Medieval Architecture1015 Words   |  5 PagesReligion’s Architecture Ancient and Medieval Architecture spans from the meaningful Zygurats in Mesopotamia to the elaborate Gothic Churches in France. Architecture has been influenced by many factors like environment, politics, and culture. However, the greater factor that influenced Ancient and Medieval Architecture is religion. Religion, Gods, and the heavens where the key factors in creating Mesopotamian Ziggurats, Egyptian Pyramids, Greek Temples, Christian Basilicas, Islamic Mosques, andRead MoreAnalysis Of Gulliver s Travels By Jonathan Swift1365 Words   |  6 PagesAncient Greece and Rome. Neoclassical means the revival of the ancients. The Neoclassical age coincided with the Enlightenment in the eighteenth century and lasted into the early nineteenth century, competing alongside Romanticism. Neoclassical architecture, however, lasted from the eighteenth century through the twenty-first century. Neoclassicism originated in Rome, but quickly spread throughout all of Europe when European art studen ts returned home from the Grand Tour in Italy with newfound knowledgeRead MoreRoman Architecture And Its Impact On Society1550 Words   |  7 Pages Introduction Roman architecture is a thing of the past; however, it still has a large impact upon society today. Roman buildings are what our buildings were derived from, a lot of the art we think of when we see a building was once thought of by the romans, was once built by the romans, and some of these buildings are still standing today, not many, but a few. Now, roman architecture is significant because of how it affected the growth of our architecture, how it evolved changed how weRead MoreEarly Renaissance Vs. Renaissance Architecture1502 Words   |  7 PagesEarly Renaissance architecture began in the early years from 1400-1500. During this era, classicism played a huge role in architectural ideas as well as religious, secularization, and humanist influences. This differed architecture from that time period to later mannerist architecture. Mannerism derived from late renaissance architecture and continued through the early Baroque era in the years 1520-1600. The influences that changed the views on early architecture were the Sack of Rome, the CopernicanRead MoreArchitecture Is The Thoughtful Making Of Space1268 Words   |  6 Pagesâ€Å"Architecture is the thoughtful making of space† said Louis Kahin. This is because architecture is the act of taking space and transforming it into a grand masterpiece using creativity, imagination and skills. Since the beginning of time, architecture has been known to be one of the most captivating features of man’s work. A combination of inventiveness, hard work and talent is necessary to wind up with an architectural design that will leave an imprint within onlookers. Architecture is a means to

Integrated HR Solution with Payroll Software Leave Free Essays

Having a proper HR solution is a key task for the HR executives to manage their employees. The primary job of HR manager is to manage employee’s daily attendance, i. e. We will write a custom essay sample on Integrated HR Solution with Payroll Software Leave or any similar topic only for you Order Now the employee’s every day Time IN Time OUT. There are various ways for it. Traditionally the companies using manual punch card machine, later proximity card system / barcode card system was in place. But still there was a problem of buddy punching (making proxy attendance for other employees). To address the issue Biometric Fingerprint system has introduced which is very fast / accurate efficient. Once employee’s time in   out timing captured by any type of machine then it has to be linked to a Time Attendance Software to generate the useful attendance reports. Those calculated attendance details needs to be linked to payroll software for the employee salary calculation. In addition to that there is a need to maintain employee leaves like annual leave, medical leave, unpaid leave, etc†¦ If a HR manager has all the above solutions with different vendors / different platform then it will be very difficult to maintain and operate. There will be lot of hiccups to integrate the different software’s and more importantly being the database is not integrated the newly join / resign employee details need to be entered multiple times in different software’s. So it very efficient and cost effective to have an integrated HR solution which comprises of fingerprint time recorders (preferably), time attendance, leave, Payroll HR software’s. Fingerprint Time Recorder: It is very efficient to have a fingerprint time recorders to track the employees attendance instead of having manual punch card. The biggest advantage of using the fingerprint system is the employees can’t do the buddy punching (making proxy attendance for other employees). Usually in most of the fingerprint time recorder, Up to 3 fingers per employee can be registered. While doing attendance the employee can use any one of the finger to do clocking. The purpose of registering 3 fingerprints is if any one finger has problem due to injured / cut / dirty then the employee can use alternative finger. So it is better to have a fingerprint time recorder with higher capacity. Usually the time recorder will have the capacity of 500 / 3000 / 5000 fingerprint templates. It takes about one second to verify the employee finger, once verified the employee id, Date time will be recorder into the device internal memory. Also it is good to have a device which can store more records. In general most of the fingerprint time recorder can store 20,000 / 30,000 / 50,000 records. Once the records reach the limit the new record will automatically overwrite the very first record. Those records can be downloaded to the Time Attendance Software via built-in Network card or via Thumb Drive. Time Attendance Software: Information from fingerprint time recorder can be transferred to the Time Attendance Software which will calculate the useful information like Lateness, Overtime, allowances, etc†¦ A good time attendance software should have the option for different shift patterns, Supports unlimited rotation duty roster, Auto-shift feature (System auto-assign working hours group based on IN time), Flexible working hours feature, Scheduling working hour’s group feature (No fixed working pattern) Companies are paying daily allowances like shift allowance, meal allowance, transport allowance to the employees based on some conditions. For an example a company may like to pay $5 for night shift workers or a company may like to pay $2 who is working more than 5 hours of overtime. So the time attendance software should have all the above features. Good software should come with nicely designed useful reports like Daily attendance report, Individual attendance report, consolidated reports which consolidates the late comers, Early Leavers, Absents missed out punching, Lateness summary report and Working hour’s summary report. Payroll Software:  Payroll software is the one which computes the employee salaries. A well written payroll software should have the below options. The employee may be paid by hourly rate / daily rate/ monthly fixed basis. Other than the employee basic salary, the employee’s overtime, daily allowances needs to be linked from the time attendance software. The employee may have some additions or deductions in every month salary like advance payment, medical claim, special allowance, etc†¦ And the employee unpaid leave, lateness early leaving needs to be deducted from his salary. Different countries have their own computation for taxation provident funds. So the payroll system should comply with the local government regulation for salary calculation. Finally the payroll should able to generate a pay-slip for individual employee with all his salary details which can be printed in an A4 size paper or sealed pay-slip paper. And payroll software must have useful reports like, Monthly Salary Summary Report, Overtime Payment Report, Taxation Report, Yearly Summary Report, and Monthly Reconciliation Report. Leave Module: A leave module either can be built in with the payroll system or it can be a separate Electronic Leave Application Portal. Leave Module built-in with payroll system: The HR Executive needs to update the employees Annual Leave, Medical Leave, Unpaid Leave, Maternity Leave, etc in to the system manually. Electronic Leave Module: The employee can apply their leaves electronically online via web browser. Those applied leaves can be approved by respective approving officers via online. This is paperless, convenient fast easy. A good leave system should have the option to set Leave Eligibility for different group of employees and the Annual leave Medical Leave earned until today should be prorated automatically. There must be an option to carry forward the balance annual leave to the next year. And the leave module should have the useful reports like Leave History Leave consolidate report to view all kind of leaves taken. How to cite Integrated HR Solution with Payroll Software Leave, Essay examples

Human Detection for Robotic Urban Search and Rescueâ€Free samples

Question: Describe about the Human Detection for Robotic Urban Search and Rescue? Answer: There are five articles considered for the literature review of the research topic. The review is done on multiple dimensions of exploration, development and technical aspects of the robotics applied for the search and rescue in disaster zones. The selected articles contribute the research in various aspects and dimensions. The technology of robotics deal with the machines that is automated with intended design and development to take the place of humans, especially in dangerous or hazardous environments. Amil Lafih and Naweed Meer have given good overview of the rescue robots in their article. The overview covers wider timeline from background to the future of the rescue robots in the robotics, as well as the multiple dimensions, like different kinds of rescue robots, the process of deployment and process of rescue in both natural and manmade disasters in the world. The real time usage of the rescue robots are detailed along with the example rescue robots deployed in World Trade Center, Hurricane Katrina, Sogo Mine, etc. in their article. Yeh S, Hsu C. have dug the deeper technical aspects of the rescue robots with remote control. Different wireless communication systems are discussed and compared to adapt to the rescue robots, detailing the corresponding advantages and disadvantages. Wireless communication systems IEEE 802.11g and ZigBee are explored in detail with hardware realization, function, operating and its resultant simulations. The technical aspects described in detailed manner are inspiring the newer aspirants of robotics technology and stand as motivation factor to improve the technology. In another article written by Trupti, Satyanarayana and Moresh, mobile rescue robots are described of how these are used in detecting the human body in the disaster sites, during the rescue operations. Designing aspects like its microcontroller, sensor, camera, robot driver and transmission units along with the communication among them through software are well described. In another article written by De Cubber, G. the development of unmanned search and rescue robots called Search and Rescue Robots, SAR is another interesting learning in the research. Combination of various kinds of rescue robots and various technologies in robots are revealed from the ICARUS project. Matsuno, Sato, Kon have articulated, what and how they have deployed the rescue robots in the major disaster in the world, Tsunami. Specifications of the robots are well described. The interesting part of this article is what activities are done, how the timely decisions are taken to effectively utilize the rescue robots to recover from this disaster. The sequence of activities and the respective lessons learned in real time disaster recovery is a good learning in this research work. The united effort to recover the disaster underwater is real time example towards exploring the achievements and challenges of the robotics technologies. All the five articles are informative and enforced learning in various aspects and dimensions of the robotics. The articles enriched the literature review touching the technology in multiple dimensions. However, there are certain limitations in the scope and content of each article, as each one covered limited aspects of the robotics technology, still each piece of information is valuable for this research. References: 1. Burion, Steve (2004), Casper, J. (2002), Amerada, Yams, Igarashit, Matsunos, (2004) and Cappello, C., etal (2005) Human Detection for Robotic Urban Search and Rescue Carnegie Mellon University, Institute of Production Robotique (IPR) LSRO2 VRAI-Group, Microtechnique, February 2004.2. Habib, M K (2006). Service Robots and Humanitarian demining. Chapter 23 in Mobile Robotics: Toward New Applications, (Ed.) A. Lazinica, ARS- proliterature Verlag Publishers, pp. 449-480.3. Baca, M. Ferre, R. Aracil and A. Campos. 2010. A Modular Robot Systems Design and Control Motion Modes for Locomotion and Manipulation Tasks. International Conference on Intelligent Robots and Systems.4. Z.(2008). Hsu. C. (2008). Shih. T.(2008). Remote Control Realization of Distribution Rescue Robot via the Wireless Network, 2928 2932. Retrieved from https://www.ieeexplore.ieee.org/articles/4655164 (20 -22/08/2008)5. Amil Lafin, Naweed Meer, An Overview of Rescue Robots. Retrieved from https://www.idt.mdh.se/kur ser/ct3340/ht11/MINICONFERENCE/FinalPapers/ircse11_submission_7.pdf on 10/3/20156. Trupti B. Bhondve, Prof.R.Satyanarayan, Prof. Moresh Mukhedkar, Mobile Rescue Robot for Human Body Detection in Rescue Operation of Disaster, International Journal of Advanced Research in Electrical, Electronics and Instrumentation Engineering, Vol.3, Issue 6, June 2014. Retrieved from https://www.ijareeie.com/upload/2014/june/12_Mobile.pdf on 10/03/20157. De Cubber, G, Serrano, D. Berns, K. Chintamani, K. Sabino R. and Ourevitch, S. Search and Rescue Robots Developed by the European ICARUS Project. European Communitys Seventh Framework Programme (FP7/2007-2013) under grant agreement number 285417.8. Matsuno F, Sato N, Kon K, Igarashi H, Kimura T and Murphy R. Utilization of Robot Systems in Disaster Sites of the Great Eastern Japan Earthquake. Field and Service Robotics, 1 Springer Tracts in Advanced Robotics 92, DOI: 10.1007/978-3-642-40686-7_1, Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 2014