Apple Marketing Essays - Steve Jobs, Personal Computers,

Apple Marketing In fulfillment of the periodical paper assignment, I have chosen a recent story concerning Apple Computer Inc. as the topic for the first paper. Summary of Situation: After setting off a storm of consumer complaints earlier this week, Apple Computer Inc tried to make amends Friday by reversing a retroactive price increase for a small number of customers who had pre-ordered its new top-of-the-line G4 PowerMacs. Earlier this week, Apple said it was unable to offer the G4 PowerMac model equipped with a 500-megahertz processor until early next year because of supply constraints at its main chipmaker, Motorola Inc. Apple then ratcheted up the price on the 350, 400, and 450 MHz models that it could supply, trying to offset the lost potential revenues that the 500 MHz G4 would provide. Ethical Implications: I believe that Apple might have broke even concerning this ordeal; however, let's examine the specifics of both sides of what transpired here: When the company determined that the supply of 500 MHz chips was not going to meet the demand requested, they reconfigured its G4 family of desktop computers, offering systems with processors running at 350, 400 or 450 MHz -- but at higher prices -- instead of the original 400, 450 or 500 MHz machines. After the company received numerous complaints from customers, both loyal Apple supporters, and potential new customers, the company retracted its new restructuring, allowing the original pricing and megahertz versions to stay. Apple may have lost the faith of even some extreme supporters. Bill Bryant, who runs a health-care consulting business in Dallas, said he has been a Macintosh loyalist for 20 years. "...I'm thinking of buying a Dell or something. Some people are saying it's time to go to the dark side," he added, referring to PCs running on Microsoft's Windows operating system and processors. On the other hand, at least this was nothing close to the Intel fiasco of the early Nineties. I feel Apple handled this situation much more smoothly; it decided much faster that it could not incur a loss back onto customers. How the Situation Should Have Been Handled: I feel the company made the right ethical decision, despite the fact that this situation should not have happened at all. I think the decision to restructure the G4 line around the lack of the 500 MHz chip, and the corresponding price increase of available models was a very bad business decision, and possibly unethical. The reversal, and reinstatement of original pricing schemes was the ethical decision to make. After realizing the shortage of the 500 MHz chip, keeping everything intact as far as pricing goes would have been the best decision for Apple. Of course, it would have to announce the shortage of 500 MHz model G4, but jacking up the price for the other lines does not make much ethical or business sense at all. In fact, maybe Apple could drop the price on the 500 MHz G4, as a courtesy for the delay in the product. Perhaps this type of strategy wouldn't be best for the bottom dollar at the company, but the publicity and word-of-mouth support for the company would foster trust, confidence, and growth, which, by their very definition, will lead to increased revenues.

Javier Crespo Essays - Physical Attractiveness, Behavior

Javier Crespo Essays - Physical Attractiveness, Behavior Javier Crespo Professor Cronk 10 December 2016 Final Paper Which Facial Features are Attractive For the experiment I chose to partake in, Julia Carlota Batres and Professor David I. Perrett from the University of St. Andrews put me through several stages of questions, followed by hands-on editing of the human face in an effort to decipher which facial features I, or anyone involved in the study found more attractive. The test took no more than 15 minutes, with relatively easy questions surrounding the main experiment, which I was very anxious to try attempt. At first, I answered a few simple questions regarding my information. Some questions were oddly specific (I was asked if I was in a relationship, sexual preference, my race, etc.), so I wondered if this by any chance changed the way I was questioned. I was then asked to put a number, 1 through 5; 1 meaning not at all and 5 being frequently: how often have I felt a specific emotion in the past couple of weeks. Emotions such as excited, scared, happy, lazy, and fearful were among the emotions listed. As I filled out the qu estionnaire, I couldn't help but wonder why a study based on facial preference was asking me questions based on my feelings; but I continued on. The next part of the test was the fun part. I was asked to perform the task of editing the faces of 20 different women until I thought they were most attractive. As I slid the mouse from left to right, the anonymous woman's face would distort. Scroll to the left and the woman's face cleared up of any skin condition, her neck was much skinnier and any slight eye bags would disappear. Slide it back to the right and the woman would age drastically, with heavy eye bags and more masculine facial structures such as a protruding supraorbital ridge, broader shoulders, and more defined trapezius muscles. I scrolled and clicked through the 20 different transforming images assuming I was done; not quite yet. The final part of the test consisted of 30 words with missing letters (ex. R_D_O), and I was tasked to complete the first word that came to mind that successfully filled in the blanks. Again, I was rather confused by the questions at hand. Upon searching up the names of Batres and Prof. Perrett, I came across an article published by Perrett describing the findings of this experiment. The article, published by the journal Ethology, is a comprehensive article describing patterns and discrepancies based on the results of those who voluntarily took the test online and studies on students at an army training camp. It very quickly started to make sense why I was asked personal questions regarding my information and recent emotions. It wasn't very difficult to understand that the personal questions were intended to compare and contrast people with similar answers. For example, I was instantly paired with heterosexual males, and I was then grouped with people who were feeling similar emotions as I was to find connections between emotion, environment, and the influence one's surroundings has on facial preference. This study was ultimately trying to prove that personal preference varies based on surroundings. This theory, h owever, is a major debate with many different theories on what truly influences facial preferences. Does evolutionary preference lose influence with societal standards? Are societal standards too vague of a subject to have such direct influence on facial preference? Through their study, Batres and Perrett have theorized that this question has more to do with immediate environmental and emotional conditions. The results proved that although environmental and emotional conditions do in fact influence facial preference, it was also evident the evolutionary preferences were prominent in selecting facial preferences under stress. This ended up narrowing down societal influence to a much more exact reason. At the culmination of the study, Professor Perrett and Batres came to the conclusion that the students at the training camp preferred more feminine faces for males, hinting that even before the training, students were inclined to pick more trustworthy features (feminine features) for men. An even more precise result was that males in harsher environments showed tendencies of choosing faces that appeared to

Scholarship Appeal Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Scholarship Appeal - Essay Example I eventually found the load to be highly demanding; as such, I withdrew from the class to avoid generating a low grade. Regardless of the course withdrawal, the challenging academic requirements caused my inability to meet the GPA requirements of my scholarship. I am hereby appealing to the committee to re-consider sustaining my scholarship with the firm commitment that I would work fervently to meet and maintain the required GPA. I am hereby providing the details: Other confounding events and circumstances apparently rationalized my inability to meet the GPA requirement. One of the main reasons that I attended the University of Louisville was because it was in close proximity to where my parents lived. My parents understood that I was going to College at a younger age than all my peers and they believed that I still needed a support system at least for my first full year at the University. However, because of great job opportunities in Texas for my parents, they decided that since I obtained a good GPA during my first semester, I was stable enough to be left in another state by myself. I got a job as a hostess at Griff’s restaurant to augment the financial resources I had to support living alone and studying, at the same time. With the time allocated for work, there was evidently lesser time allotted for studying and going to REACH sessions. As soon as I started to see my grades suffer detrimentally, I decided to stop the job. I gradually improved over time with my test grades but the first two test scores were way too low for me to eventually make at least a B in the class. As such, the significantly low test scores evidently caused my GPA to drop. Transportation was also a big issue for me because my parents used to accommodate my transportation requirements. With their relocation, I had no way of attending deaf events for my ASL class. ASL students were required to attend 10 hours of deaf events but I was only able to attain 4

Understanding the Behaviour of Organisations in their Market Essay

Understanding the Behaviour of Organisations in their Market Environment - Essay Example In general, there are four basic types of market structure, namely perfect competition, monopoly, monopolistic competition and oligopoly. Perfect Competition: Perfect competition is a situation when numerous firms are competing in the market (Machovec, 2002). For example, FMCG and FMCD sectors are perfectly competitive ones. The biggest advantage of a perfectly competitive market is that firms produce optimal output levels at a low cost. However, the biggest disadvantage is that companies earn minimal profit and there are no economies of scale. Monopoly: A monopoly is a market situation where only firm is operating and there are no competitors (Lele, 2006). For example, the local water electricity service providers are often considered to be operating in a monopoly market. The advantages of monopoly are no risk of overproduction, efficient use of resources, price leader, focuses on the production of a particular product or service. The labour cost is also low. On the other hand, the disadvantages of a monopoly market are that the company can exploit customers by charging more or offering low quality products. There is huge restriction in choice of customers resulting in a low buyer power. Furthermore, the absence of competition often leads to inefficiency and lower productivity. Monopolistic Competition: A monopolistic competition in an industry is characterised by the presence of several competitors, but their offerings differ (Solow, 1998). The restaurant industry is the best example of monopolistic competition. One of th e biggest advantages of monopolistic competition is that it promotes competition which, in turn, greatly helps in enhancing the efficiency and productivity of the industry. From the point of view of consumers, it offers them greater choice and variety. Moreover, customers get quality products and services and turn out to be more knowledgeable about the product features. Technological innovation and research and development are highly visible. The disadvantages of monopolistic competition are that it leads to higher price. Oligopoly: An oligopoly market is characterised by the presence of only a few firms (Tucker, 2008). For example, gas service providers are considered to be operating in the oligopoly market. The biggest advantage is that prices remain fixed and competition is high resulting in a higher efficiency. On the other hand, the disadvantage is that there are less research and development works and less innovation. Figure 1 – Market Structure PESTLE and Cultural Envi ronment The external business environment in which an organisation operates plays a significant role. Before formulating a business plan or formulating a strategy for business, organisations carry out in-depth analysis of the business environment. The external business environment includes the political, legal, social, technological, environmental, demographic, economical and cultural factors. Nowadays, business houses operate in a changing business environment and as a result, they are required to offer products and services that match with the needs of customers. According to Taloo (2007), there are no businesses in the world that can survive without having any interaction with the external business environment. The factors of the external business environment have a strong influence on the business operations and therefore, businesses need to be aware of the external environment. For example, a change in the economic environment of a country can strongly impact the sales of a com pany. Therefore, organisations are

Market of alcoholic and non alcoholic products Research Paper

Market of alcoholic and non alcoholic products - Research Paper Example Hence products with low sugar carbonated beverages and health drinks will help the industry to witness quick survival.In order to survive in this marketplace, Pepsi must consider the recent market trends that will shape the performance in the forthcoming years. The marketing mix of Pepsi is described below:-Product: The products of Pepsi contain all the similar ingredients that are also found in other soft drinks. It includes carbonated water, caffeine, phosphoric acid and other required elements. The major brands of Pepsi are Mirinda, Mountain dew, Slice, Pepsi Max, Pepsi etc. All the mentioned products are available in different quantities. Price: Pepsi prices its product according to the price of the competition. In other words, the company undertakes competitive pricing. The company is also very flexible in case of their pricing. It can readily decrease the price when needed. Though price lowering helps the company to attract customers but covering up the cost of production will take time. Place: Pepsi has a worldwide presence. In order to enter a new country, it either merges with a company or looks for a partner. The company mainly distributes by retailing. It has distributors appointed at various places for distribution purposes. Promotion: The Company mainly promotes its product through television advertisement. Nowadays Pepsi has appointed brand ambassadors in many countries in order to connect with the target audience with ease. However, the company mostly promotes by sponsoring cricketing events.

Designing a Plant Cell Model

Designing a Plant Cell Model Advanced Biology Cell Project   Ã‚   Cell Wall The cell, a complex yet basic part of our existence. Unlike humans, one of the most important parts of a cell for a plant cell is the cell wall. The cell wall gives the plant shape, strength, and enables communication to adjacent cells. This essential portion of the cell was initially found by Robert Hooke, though he named it simply wall. Other scientists, such as Karl Rudolphi and J.H.F Link, added to Hookes finding. What they found was that cells had their own individual walls, and that cells interacted through holes, later named the plasmodesmata. Before this discovery, it was thought that cell walls encircled large masses of cells, and that was the way that cells interacted. There are many different arrangements for cell walls, and certain parts (such as the secondary cell wall) do not show up in different types of cells. The most basic cell wall consists of two main layers, with the plasma membrane directly beneath it. The first layer is known as the Middle Lamella. This is the outermost layer of the cell wall. This layer mainly consists of a large amount of pectins, along with many other parts. The middle lamella is responsible for gluing the walls of two adjacent cells together, providing the stability to create plasmodesmata between the cells. The primary cell wall is mainly made up of cellulose microfibrils, which are what provide the structure and shape of the cell wall. This layer is also made up of little bits of hemicellulose, which is a polysaccharide responsible for adding extra strength to the cellulose microfibrils. If you happen to have a cell that does have a secondary cell wall, it is there to add extra rigidity and strength, so the cell likely would belong to a larger plant. This layer is primarily cellulose, lignin, glycoproteins, and polysaccharides. This layer also has three other layers (S1, S2, and S3). These layers each have more cellulose microfibrils that alternate in directions. These parts of the secondary cell wall are what allows trees to exist. As wood cell walls mainly consist of secondary cell walls, which provide the structure that they need to stand up against gravity. Cell walls are formed in an odd way. The middle lamella is laid down first, which originates from the cell plate during cytokinesis. In other words, the middle lamella is formed while the cell is splitting off from the mother cell, after the nucleus has split into two. The primary cell wall is then inserted into the middle lamella. The cellulose microfibrils, located in the primary cell wall, are created in the plasma membrane by a process known as cellulose synthase complex. This process is not fully understood, but it is thought that all cellulose-synthesizing organisms have cellulose synthase proteins, which are catalysts for the polymerization of glucan chains. This essentially all boils down to the cellulose synthase proteins kick starting the reaction that allows for the glucan chains to become cellulose. The way that I have designed my model of the cell wall, is I have spent about 5 hours going through iteration upon iteration in CAD. When I finally decided on a simplistic, yet fully informational model, I exported all the 3D models as an STL (or stereolithography file), which is a dot-matrix of the solid. My slicer software (Cura 15.04.6) then took the file, and turned it into a series of coordinates, and other commands (such as the temperature to heat up the print nozzle/bed the print speed extrusion rate). This file I then exported this file to my SD card as a .gcode file, which my 3D printer is able to understand. The SD card was then plugged into the printer, and printed. Overall, I exported 3 different .gcode files (one for the cellulose, and two others for the middle lamella and plasma membrane) as they all wouldnt fit on the build plate as a single print. All three prints took me about 4 hours combined of print time. The way that I designed my main plant cell model was similar to this, but also very different. The first thing that I had to come up with was my wiring diagram, which consisted of me figuring out what value of resistor I needed to not let the 9v battery blow out my LEDs (every color of LED requires a different value of resistor), and how I would wire everything. I then had to design the cell in CAD. The wiring diagram probably took me about an hour, as I was trying to lay everything out the most efficient way possible on a mockup of my proto-board (done in circuit design software). I then spent about 10 hours total designing each individual part in CAD (I also ordered all the parts and got them 2 day shipped). Once all the parts arrived, I was just finishing up with the CAD, so I started the prints on the parts (the base board alone took 3 hours as I set it to a higher infill (50% instead of 10%) as I wanted it to be more substantial, and sturdy. The other parts took about 4 and a ha lf more hours to print (I printed excess of the organelles in case one broke while drilling). Bibliography Cell Wall. Wikipedia. Wikimedia Foundation, 18 Feb. 2017. Web. 19 Feb. 2017. Cell Wall. Cell Wall Biology-Online Dictionary. Web. 19 Feb. 2017. Cellulose Synthase (UDP-forming). Wikipedia. Wikimedia Foundation, 19 Feb. 2017. Web. 19 Feb. 2017. Cytokinesis. Wikipedia. Wikimedia Foundation, 01 Feb. 2017. Web. 19 Feb. 2017. Li, Shundai, Logan Bashline, Lei Lei, and Ying Gu. Cellulose Synthesis and Its Regulation. The Arabidopsis Book / American Society of Plant Biologists. American Society of Plant Biologists, 2014. Web. 19 Feb. 2017.

Problems with The Decision to Drop the Atomic Bomb Essay -- Geopolitic

The world changed June 6, 1945 when the atomic bomb was dropped on Hiroshima and then again, Aug 9, 1945 on Nagasaki. The actions by the United States evoked a cataclysmic spiral in the morals and methods of how warfare is carried out. Officials within the United States government through both memorandums and meeting voiced their concerns with the use of nuclear technology. They worked tirelessly to persuade President Truman that the atomic bomb was a weapon of destruction far beyond the span of normal warfare. Truman and Japan were looking toward peaceful resolutions under their own separate terms, but each struggled with the definition of â€Å"unconditional surrender†. The decision to drop the bomb was faulty and skewed judgment on the part of President Truman, which cost the lives of innocent civilians in Japan. The recourse in not dropping the atomic bomb was made available to President Truman and the leaders of America; unfortunately no one can go back and disentangle what was done that day in Japan. Even after the first bomb was dropped, U.S. Army Chief Staff General Marshal met at the White House on June 18, 1945, with President Truman and brought to light three alternatives to the use of the atomic bomb; â€Å"1) destruction already route by air bombardment and sea blockade, coupled by 2) a landing on Japan indicating the firmness of our resolution, perhaps coupled with 3) the entry of threat entry of Russia into the war.† General Marshal also stated that the entrance of Russia into the war might be just the leverage needed to bring the Japanese to terms of surrender, rather than the use of the bomb. This memo displayed that President Truman had alternatives to consider, but yet decided to go against the ideas that ... ...mmanding General’s File, 24 Tab D ,Document (a). Henry Stimson, Memorandum discussed with the President, April 25, 1945, Henry Stimson Diary, Manuscripts and Archives, Henry Lewis Stimson Papers, Yale University, (New Haven, CT.), Document(b). Joint Chief of Staff, "Minutes of Meeting Held at the White House†, 18 June 1945†, RG 77, MED Records, H-B files, folder no. 76, Document 20. President Harry Truman, Truman's Potsdam Diary, Barton J. Bernstein, "Truman At Potsdam: His Secret Diary," Foreign Service Journal, July/August 1980, Document 38. Secretary of War, Henry Stimson, Diary Entry, April 25, 1945, Henry Stimson Diary, Sterling Library, Yale University, Document (d). Secretary of the Navy, James Forrestal, Diary Entry, July 24, 1945, "Japanese Peace Feelers", Naval Historical Center, Operational Archives, James Forrestal Diaries, Document 23.

A Purchasing Decision Essay

1. What are the advantages and disadvantages of purchasing high-end versus low-end PDA devices for the medical center physicians? The advantages and disadvantages of purchasing high-end versus low-end PDA devices for the medical center physicians are that from the PDA device on a high-end of quality and price is that a physician can do more with it a (PDA) can access the internet; store reference material; track & collect patient data; provide patient education material; aide in the billing process; and transmit electronic prescriptions. The disadvantages of a high-end PDA device are the cost of the item and training associated with it on a limited budget. The advantages of purchasing low-end versus high-end PDA devices for the medical center physicians are that from the PDA device on a low-end of quality of and price would allow the administrator to comply with his budget. However, the disadvantages are that with a PDA device on a low-end of quality an there is a higher level of security risk and a physicians are limited to certain functions due to the lower quality of software which in the end could actually result in others costs fixing and aide issues cause by these limitations. 2. What might the implications of a decision about purchasing PDA devices for physicians it this medical center? The possible implications of a decision about purchasing PDA devices for physicians it this medical center could be from the high-end PDA the price would put a strain on the administrators budget and would affect other needs of the medical center, and with a device on the low-end of quality an there is a higher level of security risk and a physicians are limited to certain functions due to the lower quality of software 3. What are the limitations of the current decision-making process about a PDA investment? The limitation of the current decision-making process about a PDA investment is the administrator’s budget. 4. What decision-making process would you propose for (IS) investment decision at the medical center? Should others be involved? Who? How much? The decision-making process I would propose for (IS) investment decision at the medical center would be to bring all department heads of the medical center and the physicians together and discuss the need to make this purchase and the possible consequences of that decision. It is my understanding that the choice to make a purchase of this equipment for the medical center is understood to be a positive strategic move but the resulting actions of that purchase will affect everyone, and it’s for that reason I think everyone should be involved so issues and concerns can be addressed to make a choice together that will be in the best interest of the medical center.

Disagreeing on Slavery Essays

Disagreeing on Slavery Essays Disagreeing on Slavery Essay Disagreeing on Slavery Essay The Declaration of Independence clearly and famously states, â€Å"All men are created equal† and have the right to life, liberty and the pursuit of happiness. In the early years of the United States, however, this affirmation of basic rights did not extend and apply to all. African Americans, who were at the time viewed simply as property rather than as human beings, had these rights completely deprived of them by being kept in slavery on southern farms and plantations. Slaves on these plantations did various work and tasks but mostly harsh manual labor farming in the fields for their masters. Slavery had been an established institution in the country since colonial times and while there had always been several opinions on the issue, it had been basically accepted or at least acknowledged as part of the Nation’s culture and framework. Eventually the opposing views became more defined and ultimately split into the Anti-Slavery North and the Pro-Slavery South. Both perspectives had legitimate reasons to back up their different views and ideas about how to handle slavery as the country grew and matured. In the years leading up to the Civil War, the opinions of the North and South on the future of the existence of slavery differed because of economic, social, and political reasons. By the mid 1800’s Northerners commonly agreed on the belief that the complete abolition of slavery was imperative to the future success of the country. Up until this point most thought of slavery as a necessary evil, and so it was tolerated with the expectation and aspiration for it to eventually die out (Stolyarov). Disagreements over slavery date back as far at the American Revolution. During the war Northerners were bothered by the fact that the white Southern slaveholding population was more concerned with protecting their slaves than fighting and defeating the British. Many, including commander-in-chief George Washington, were disturbed by the fact that Southern slave owners were showing desperation and weakness to the enemy in order to retrieve their â€Å"involuntary work force from the clutches of the departing British soldiers† (Dudley 18). The disapproval of African American servitude and the desire to end slavery led to the formation of a movement called Abolisionism. The movement was made up of anti-slavery activists, who were key in â€Å"leading the momentous struggle against slavery, informing it, [and] inspiring it† (Aptheker xi). The abolitionists were the main force behind the eventual emancipation of slaves and were responsible almost every action and event leading up to it. Abolition was also backed by some of the great leaders of the American Revolution, including President Jefferson and author Thomas Paine. Other leaders such as future Presidents George Washington and John Adams also expressed their aversion to the insistution of slavery (1). Abolitionists†¦agreed that the movement to emancipate the slaves, immediately and without compensation to the masters, was a revolutionary one† (15). Abolitionists felt very strongly about this issue and had several reasons for fighting for the emancipation of slavery. They were prepared and willing to go to great lengths to do what they felt was in the best interest of the future of the country they had so recently worked hard for and fought relentlessly to gain as their own. White Southern plantation owners were not the inventors of slavery. The use of human beings as an unwilling labor source had existed all over the world for thousands of years before the Southern United States even existed and was able utilize the practice. At that point in history, life without slavery was almost unimaginable to many communities and regions, including the Southern states of the U. S. (Higgs). Since even before the creation of the United States, when these areas were nothing more than British colonies, people living in the lower part of the country found the use of slaves to be invaluble. While today’s knowledge and morals make it seem nearly impossible that there are any legitimate justifications for the slavery that took place in the United States, it is vital to keep in mind the culture and values of the location and period in history in which it took place. Pro-slavery supporters had valid reasons for why they fought to keep slavery in the South. An inevitable and reccurring theme in most prominent historical events, financial and economic concerns contributed the Abolitionist’s crusade to end slavery. By 1860, economic liberals†¦linked†¦progress with the concept of free labor in a competative society† (Stampp 19). Many Northerners believed that the nation could not progress or develop economically if half of the country was still heavily involved with and economically dependent on such an archaic, primitive practice. Aside from this fear that slavery was holding the country back from reaching its economic potential, there really was no significant profit or benefit to be gained by the North if slavery was ended. However, the industrious Northerners were making miniscule amounts of money from slavery compared to the huge profits made by the slaveholding Southerners, so while economics was not a majorly significant reason for the average Northerner to actively fight against slavery, the lack of financial prosperity they were obtaining from it examined in cotrast with the tremendous revenue of the Southern slaveholders gave them no reason to support it. The prosperity of the southern economy was by far the most significant as well as understandable pro-slavery argument. The financial profit of the South was dependent on cotton, and the demand for cotton from outside the South, which was high for much of the 1800’s. Slavery was an essential part to this because slave labor accounted for ninety percent of all southern cotton production. The trade of slaves themselves from the upper south to lower also contributed substantially to the economy, as the price of slaves continued to rise through the early 1800’s. In an excerpt from Slavery in the Light of Social Ethics, Chancelor Harper divulged the Southern fear of not being able to produce adequate crops to sustain the agriculturally dependent economy without slave labor; â€Å"The first and most obvious effect [of emancipation], would be to put an end to the cultivation of our great Southern staple†¦I need hardly say that these staples cannot be produced to any extent where the proprietor of the soil cultivates it with his own hands† (Elliott 617). Without slave labor, Southerners were certain their economy would crumble. There was no possible way for the landowners to singlehandedly work their own farms, and hiring farm hands would ultimately result in less profits for the landowner. Southerners realized this and it was a major reason they so desperately wanted to keep slavery legal. â€Å"There was no country, in the most ancient times of its history, in which the people had made any considerable advances in industry or refinement, in which slavery had not been previously and long established, and in general use† (McKitrick 69-70). Southerners thouroughly believed that slavery was essential to their financial wellbeing and the overall success of the southern economy. Social and moral beliefs were a major part of the Abolitionist’s desire to end slavery. Religion played a big role in this. Many Abolitionists thought that all humans were created equal in the eyes of the Lord, and therefore African Americans were not racially inferior to whites. The cruelty and injustice towards slavery was another reason northern Abolitionists called for emancipation. The majority of slave masters treated their slaves brutally, often beating them to near-death. Anti-slavery supporters were bothered by the fact that slaves were stripped of natural and inalianable rights including the right to choose a religion and the right to own property. Abolitionists generally believed that no man could have ownership of another man, so they strongly disapproved of the southern slave owner’s concept of reducing African Americans to mere property (Garcia). Slavery was a socially accpeted practice in the South, as well as a valuble part of the culture. It therefore became a notable pro-slavery argument. While a small minority of Southerners actually owned slaves, all southern farmers aspired to. In the South, owning slaves gained the master influence and power. Slave ownership was a necessary precondition to move upward socially in the South. â€Å"Slavery has existed from as early time as historical records furnish any information of the social and political condition of mankind†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (McKitrick 69). Southern slave owners, therefore, were not creating a new system of labor, and did not view slavery as barabric or sadistic. It was not the production or brainchild of a single sadistic and money-hungary Southerner. Slavery had long been an axiomatic part of society and humanity globally, and because of the fortune and prosperity it brought, its morality and existance generally went unquestioned and undisputed in the South. It was a shared belief that slavery was a natural function of life. Southerners believed in a variation of â€Å"Social Darwinism,† where the â€Å"weak†, the blacks, were naturally inferior to the â€Å"strong† superior white man. According to this theory, white enslavement of blacks was justified because the weak are characteristically prone to domination by those who are above them in some way. Since it was common practice to ban African Americans from any education and having or voicing any ideas or opinions, it was undeniable that whites had superior skills and intellectual abilities. President Abraham Lincoln presented this opinion in one of his infamous debates with Senator Stephen Douglas, â€Å"[T]here is a physical difference between the white and black races which I believe will forever forbid the two races living together on terms of social and political equality. And†¦there must be the position of superior and inferior, and I as much as any other man am in favor of having the superior position assigned to the white race† (Higgs). Another prevailing pro-slavery argument was that Southerners felt blacks were not capable of caring for and supporting themselves. Southerner slaveholders held that, â€Å"it would be cruel to set free people who would then, at best, fall into destitution and suffering† (Higgs). This belief led slave owners to claim they had a paternalistic attitude toward slavery, and referred to it as a â€Å"caring institution. The white southern land owners considered themselves as â€Å"benevolent guardians of an inferior race. † They also felt that this reasoning was justified by the Bible because it stresses the authority of the patriarch, which is the role slave masters assumed. They believed slavery was an Institution ordained by God, and â€Å"part of God’s plan to Christianize an inferior race. † The end of slavery would greatly impact and significantly alter the social aspects of southern society, making it a valid pro-slavery argument. Political issues were a huge aspect of slavery and were vital to emancipation. While economic and social beliefs influence behavior, politics lead to laws, which enforce behavior. Because these laws and policies affected the nation as a whole, it is logical to directly compare the North and South’s political opinions on slavery. The main issue was if the new Western states would be slave-allowing or free. The North and South argued about this because it determined who had the majority in the Senate. Several compromises were made to settle the conflicts. In 1820, Kentucky Senator Henry Clay created the Missouri Compromise, which divided the territory between slave and free. Thirty years later Clay again settled a similar dissension with the Compromise of 1850 in which most of the disputed territory, including California, was admitted to the country as Free states. To appease the pro-slavery South, the Compromise included a policy known as the Fugitive Slave Act. This Act made stricter laws concerning run-away slaves (Compromise). The pro-slavery South and Abolitionist North had credible reasons for valuing political power as a way to carry out their ideals and goals. In the pre Civil War era the North and South’s aspirations and ideals for the future of slavery conflicted because of economic, social, and political reasons. Ultimately, the Abolition Movement of the North prevailed and after a brutal Civil War between the Union and Confederacy, President Lincoln’s Emancipation Proclamation put an official end to slavery. For the South this meant a period of reconstruction as well as significant and unwelcome changes to their economy, society, and politics; but for the United States as a whole it meant a new found unity and the ability to progress and develop into the global power it is today.

The Role of O-acetylserine Sulfhydrylase in Cysteine Biosynt essays

The Role of O-acetylserine Sulfhydrylase in Cysteine Biosynt essays The Role of O-acetylserine Sulfhydrylase in Cysteine Biosynthesis in Salmonella tryphimurium: A structural and functional Analysis Pyridoxial 5-phosphate (PLP) acts as a cofactor in many enzymes involved in diverse aspects of amino acid metabolism such as transamination, /-elimination, /-replacement and racemization. In all PLP-dependant enzymes the carbonyl group of the PLP coenzyme binds to an -amino group of a lysine residue in the active site, forming an internal aldimine. O-Acetylserine sulfahydrylase (OASS), isolated from Salmonella typhimurium, belongs to the -family of PLP-dependant enzymes and catalyzes the last step in the cysteine biosynthesis pathway via -replacement, converting O-acetylserine (OAS) to cysteine, upon exchanging acetate in the OAS side chain for sulfide (Fig. 1). The structural and functional framework underlying the reaction mechanism for OASS has been characterized extensively by kinetic studies, site-directed mutagenesis, UV-visible fluorescence and phosphorescence spectroscopy and x-ray structural determination. Three conformationally distinct open, closed, and inhibited s tates were elucidated. Overall Topology and Protein Folding The structures of all proteins can be described in a hierarchical manner relating four levels of organization. The primary level is the amino acid sequence. The secondary level is constructed by motifs in backbone conformations, stabilized by hydrogen bonding, such as helices and -sheets. Tertiary structure describes the complete folded three-dimensional shape of a single chain, and quaternary structure is the association of folded chains to make oligomeric proteins. The nature of the final folded protein, including quaternary structure, is the net result of both enthalpic (H) and entropic (S) optimization to achieve the lowest or most negative free energy (...

Show how foil characters behavior and values contrast the protagonist Essay

Show how foil characters behavior and values contrast the protagonist in the modern drama play Death of a Salesman by Miller and A Doll House by Ibsen - Essay Example In a â€Å"Death of a Salesman† Charley and Biff can be considered as foil for the main protagonist Willy. The aim of this paper is to explore and show the personality differences between the foil characters and protagonists. Firstly, it will be argued that Henrik Ibsen’s â€Å"A Doll House† wise and serious Mrs. Linde contrasted childish and lively character Nora. Moreover, Mrs. Linde helps Nora to embark on a new journey of finding herself by pushing her to face the reality and reveal herself. Secondly, it will be shown that in Arthur Miller’s play â€Å"Death of a Salesman† down to earth and realistic Charley and Biff are highlighted the dreamer and somewhat crazy side of Willy. However, while Mrs. Linde, as her foil, helps Nora to face the reality and to begin a new life, Biff’s challenges are not sufficient make Willy, the tragic hero whose mental faculties seem to be damaged, to embrace the reality. In Henrik Ibsen’s â€Å"A Doll House†, Mrs. Linde and Krogstad serve as foils for Nora and Torval, since their differences provides a contrast. Henrik Ibsen portrays Nora as a lively young woman, and her lighthearted attitude is highlighted by Mrs. Linde’s serious, calm and somber behavior. Their very first conversation marks the differences between the characters. In contrast to Nora’s fast and rhythmic conversation, which is full with lively expressions and exclamation marks, Mrs. Linde’s answers are rather short and precise, if not blunt. Nora’s seriousness is further emphasized in the text by referring to her as â€Å"Mrs. Linde†. The following quotation shows the mercurial and talkative nature of Nora in contrast to the pale and dull Mrs. Linde: â€Å"Nora: To enjoy yourself over Christmas, of course. Oh, how lovely! Yes, enjoy yourselves, we’ll do that. But take your coat off. You are not still cold? (Helping her). There now, let’s get cozy here by the stove. No, the easy chair there! I’ll take the rocker here. (Seizing

Analyzing a Japan-related website Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Analyzing a Japan-related website - Essay Example No author’s name is provided for the website, but the copyright is attributed to an organization called Japan Tourism Agency. The first thing I noticed about the website is that it is very visually appealing. Red and white are the predominant colors. As the page loads, large images appear and slowly scroll from right to left and then from left to right across the upper 1/3 of the page. A banner remains at the top for navigation purposes. Each of these images is attached to a theme present in the website. The themes are activities, entertainment, accommodations, sightseeing, gourmet and shopping. Scrolling down, each theme is presented by a one sentence teaser that is intended to get you to click on the image to discover more about what is offered in Japan for each theme. The net surfer that would happen upon or seek out this website would come away from the experience with some very specific ideas about what to expect in Japan. The accuracy of these ideas can be called into question based on whether or not you feel that they are portraying a stereotype attached to Japanese culture or individuals. The first of these images is that Japan is a land of great natural resources and natural beauty. The iconic image of Mt. Fuji is one of the first images to appear after the page loads. This is soon followed by images of maple leaves and meditation gardens. Sculpted pathways and other Japanese natural interests (including bonsai) are also featured in the images. The idea that seems to be conveyed is that a central part of any visit to Japan must include the observation of nature. The images seem to be saying that this interaction with nature is a key part of being Japanese and if you are really, truly going to experience Japan, then you must take in Mt. Fuji and all the rest. Another set of images seem to revolve around consumption. Shopping is one of the themes, but consumption of goods