A rough Man essays

An unpleasant Man papers Unpleasant, energetic, hot-tempered and rich is the thing that Mark Twain grew up to be. Brought into the world 1835 in Missouri, Florida he generally did what he expected to with the goal for him to arrive at his objective. Despite the fact that he dropped out of school at twelve years old, when his dad passed on, he achieved various things. Imprint started composing when he accepted the position of a writer. The story 'The Celebrated Jumping Frog of Calaveras County' was his first achievement. After an excursion by vessel to Palestine, he composed The Innocents Abroad. As his composing vocation bloomed, he additionally got fruitful as an instructor. In 1870 got hitched, and a couple of years after the fact he and his significant other settled in Hartford, Connecticut. Huckleberry Finn is Twain's perfect work of art, for its utilization of the splendid character and depictions, demonstrating the silliness of man's brutality to man. He likewise composed The Gilded Age, 1873, Old Times on the Mississippi, 1875, The Prince and the Pauper, 1882, Life on the Mississippi, 1883, Pudd'n-head Wilson, 1894, and Personal Recollections of Joan of Arc, 1896. His later works, for example, The Mysterious Stranger, unpublished until 1916, are not as diverting and all the more demoralizing. He is known as one of America's best and most trademark essayists. 1872 is the year when Roughing It was composed. This book was only an individual story and not a history to hotshot, nor an insightful discourse. It's a record of quite a while of energizing movement, and it's aim to help the peruser as opposed to hurt him with truth, or fill him with science. In this book there is loads of data about scenes that occurred in the Wild West. There is stories in this book have never been told and just been found in the essayists own eyes. There is a lot of data in this book and the essayist himself says this book can not be helped, however Twain was never precisely stressed over giving his books a creative system. The data that he composed came out of him normally. He wanted to wr... <!

Imapct of Androids and Smart Phones on the Apple I Phone Market Essay

Imapct of Androids and Smart Phones on the Apple I Phone Market - Essay Example The paper will examine both the positive and negative effects in regard of the point. Appropriate inquired about material from the web will be utilized to finish this paper to fulfillment. This conversation focuses on that for a very long time apple has been overwhelming the PDA showcase. This is a direct result of the quality and reasonable costs that they offer. Apple has a brand of telephones that is mainstream. The iPhone is a clever telephone. Each telephone that has been created, in this classification of iPhone has not neglected to dazzle. The highlights of this telephone make it nobody of the advanced cell classification. After androids and other advanced cells were brought into the market, there has been radical change in inclination with regards to PDAs. This is on the grounds that a portion of the android worked telephones are less expensive and offer a wide scope of capacities. Moreover, android takes into account establishment of a greater number of projects than the iPhone. The well known telephones from iPhone incorporate, iphone3g, 3gs and the iPhone 4, 4s. Any cell systems bolster every one of these telephones. You can't put a number to the sorts of an droid and advanced mobile phones out there. This is on the grounds that Android is a working framework having a place with the Linux family and can be utilized on most telephones. Other advanced mobile phones can utilize various stages like Symbian and windows. Along these lines, increasingly PDAs can be offered in the market at a sensible cost. This has affected the iPhone showcase from multiple points of view. ... You can't put a number to the kinds of android and advanced mobile phones out there. This is on the grounds that Android is a working framework having a place with the Linux family and can be utilized on most telephones. Other advanced cells can utilize various stages like Symbian and windows. Along these lines, progressively PDAs can be offered in the market at a sensible value (Moulton 2013). This has affected the iPhone advertise from numerous points of view. The iPhone showcase has gone down definitely. A portion of these effects are influencing the IPhone showcase decidedly and others are adversely. 4.2 Literature Review When it comes to advanced mobile phones, such huge numbers of audits and articles have been expounded on the effect that new sorts and android telephones have brought to the PDA advertise. Discusses how these telephones have unstuck monsters in the market are everywhere throughout the market. Some will discuss the negative impacts that these telephones have brou ght to the market while others will discuss the positives that they have brought to the market. Advanced cells are exclusively answerable for 55% of deals from every single cell phone. Out of all deals of advanced cells, android takes 82%, windows 3.6% (Mcglaun 2013). Despite the fact that the iPhone is attempting, it can't be contrasted and android. This is one of the negative effects, which androids and different Smartphones have on the iPhone. iPhone is making a rebound with the iPhone 5c and 5cs (Mcglaun 2013). This is a positive effect that androids and Smartphones have on iPhone in light of the fact that the opposition is drawing out the best in iPhone. 5.1 Methodology The technique that has been utilized to inquire about this paper is deductive thinking. This is the place a few inquiries are defined to provide guidance on the best way to compose the paper. These inquiries are replied by

Understanding the Scarcity Principle in Marketing

Understanding the Scarcity Principle in Marketing If you have ever sat in an introductory economics class at some point in your life, you might be well aware of one key lesson on the law of supply and demand.It can be roughly simplified down to this; the more scarce a resource is, the more people are willing to give up in order to acquire it and the more common a resource it the less people will be willing to give up to acquire it.Land, an important factor of production will fetch much more money if the piece is located at the centre of the city than land in the countryside.But you would most definitely not go out of your way to pay double for a Starbucks coffee on an ordinary afternoon because you can easily get a similar coffee at any of the several Starbucks within your city, unless of course it’s one of those Christmas holiday Frappuccino specials.When massive diamond deposits were discovered in South Africa in the late 19th Century, British businessmen operating the mines, realising the imminent flooding of the market with di amonds devised one of the most successful marketing campaigns of all times.De Beers Consolidated Mines Ltd. (now De Beers) was formed and over the decades leading to the campaign in the late 1930s, monopolised the global production and distribution of the semi-precious gem perpetuating the illusion of scarcity of diamonds.The ‘A Diamond is Forever’ campaign created an emotional association with the gem â€" a symbol of love, commitment and marriage.Ever since the demand for diamond engagement rings has been steady despite their relatively low resale value, fuelled by the enduring deception of scarcity.The number of diamonds in circulation in the world market at any given time is carefully controlled by a few companies.This is arguably one of the perfect examples of the scarcity principle at play.WHAT IS THE SCARCITY PRINCIPLE? The scarcity principle is an economic theory where a limited supply of a product combined with a high demand for that product causes a disparity in the des ired equilibrium between supply and demand.A market is in equilibrium if the quantity supplied is equal to the quantity demanded at the equilibrium price or what is called the market clearing price (determined primarily by the interplay between demand and supply creating in theory a mutually agreeable price between buyers and sellers).At this point there are neither shortages nor surpluses for a service or good.However, an equilibrium market is largely hypothetical.According to economist John Maynard Keynes, markets are most often in some form of disequilibrium due to mismatched levels of supply and demand.A number of internal and/or external factors can cause the market to fall out of balance such as sticky prices by sellers, long-term structural discrepancies or government interventions.Looking at the graph for the sugar market above, price Pe (equilibrium price) is the single price that incentivizes suppliers to engage in exchange representing a balance between supply and demand for sugar.If the price increases to P2, traders will be willing to supply more sugar but consumers may reduce the amount of sugar they consume due to the higher cost of purchase involved.There will be a surplus (Q2-Q1) existing in the market due to higher amount of sugar supplied causing a market disequilibrium.Economic theory suggests that in a free market the prices of sugar will eventually fall to Pe since suppliers will be forced to reduce the price to avoid the risk of spoiling the product in storage.But if the price in the market was P1, consumers would be willing to purchase more sugar (Q2) at the reduced price.However, since the price is below the equilibrium price, traders will only provide a smaller amount of sugar given that low price might not be able to cover their production costs.A shortage is created since demand exceeds the quantity supplied resulting in a market disequilibrium. In a free market the price is expected to increase to Pe, the equilibrium price forced b y scarcity.The scarcity principle suggests that the price of a scarce commodity will increase until an equilibrium is reached between supply and demand effectively limiting access to those only who can afford to pay for the commodity.In this scenario, however, unlike in the case of sugar above where the price reverts to Pe, it is possible that this could lead to an increase in equilibrium price and a reduction in equilibrium quantity. This means that with scarcity, there is an opportunity to make more by producing less.This principle suggests that humans will consider a scarce commodity to be more valuable as compared to one that is in abundance.It thus creates a sense of urgency and triggers consumers to act immediately before the commodity is no longer available.For example, when British Airways in 2003 announced the reduction of London-New York flights from twice daily to only one for the Concorde after it became unprofitable to run, sales took off the very next day.THE PSYCHOLOG Y OF SCARCITY MARKETINGIt can be argued that to some extent we generally want something that we cannot have and we absolutely love to flaunt when we have something that others don’t have.As a marketer, you can take advantage of this desire as a sales tactic to stimulate demand and sales through mystic and enticement.Rather than just stopping at communicating the value and benefits customers will get from buying your product or choosing your service, it is important to put across your unique proposition and make it clear what is at stake for them if they do not consider your proposal.Faced with scarcity, customers conduct their own cost-benefit analysis and as a marketer, you will only be successful if they find that the utility derived from purchasing the product or service at the given moment is greater than what they would get if they purchased the same product at a later date, probably even at a cheaper price.The consumer must be able to see the benefit of obtaining the product is higher than the cost incurred for obtaining it.In a 1975 study published by the Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, researchers Worchel Stephen, Lee Jerry  and Adewole Akanbi wanted to know how undergraduate students would value the same cookies in two identical jars if different quantities were put in them.The students valued the one in the near-empty jar more highly than the ones in the full jar despite the cookies and the jars being identical.Given hypothetical explanations for the abundance or scarcity of the cookies in the jars, students viewed those that changed from abundant to scarce as more valuable than those that were constantly scarce.Cookies that were scarce because of high demand were rated to be more valuable than those that were scarce because of an accident.Those that were constantly abundant were rated much higher than those that started scarce but later became abundant.It goes to show that scarcity, especially that resulting from high demand rather t han low production, may signal some superior characteristic about the product.The consumer thinks that other people must know something about the product that he/she does not.There are two psychology principles associated with this phenomenon.Social proof â€" the assumption that surrounding people have more knowledge about the situation than oneself and as such a fast-selling commodity is seen by the consumer as having great quality.Commitment â€" when someone has already committed themselves to purchase a product or service and find out there is a huge chance of not having it, it makes them want it more.The rush to purchase a scarce object is a manifestation of Psychologist Daniel Kahneman’s Loss Aversion Theory based on research that suggests the pain of losing something is psychologically almost about as twice as powerful as the pleasure of gaining the same thing.This is tied up with Sigmund Freud’s Pleasure Principle â€" people’s instinctive tendency of seeking pleasure an d avoiding pain for biological and psychological gains.SUCCESSFUL UTILISATION OF THE SCARCITY PRINCIPLESo how has this principle been deployed by brands over the years?To illustrate how effective incorporating the scarcity principle in marketing your product or service, we take a look at some of the most successful deployments of scarcity in marketing.Snapchat SpectaclesIn September 2016, the social media app’s parent company Snap Inc., launched Snapchat Spectacles â€" sunglasses that could record 10-second videos from the perspective of the wearer.Instead of typically distributing them via their online shop or at stores, Snap Inc. unveiled the new product at Snapbots â€" smiley Snapchat-themed vending machines that were randomly placed in cities across the US.This was without prior announcement of the launch generating huge interest online as bloggers and social media influencers kept talking about the unique strategy.The device was only available on the single day the Snapbot wa s in your city, attracting huge queues of people trying to beat each other before the machine ran out.MediaKix projects that by 2020, Snapchat Spectacles will achieve $5 Billion in salesPappy Van WinkleRegarded as one of the finest bourbons in the world, Pappy Van Winkle is the dream for the whiskey connoisseur.With only 7000 cases produced in a year, whiskey lovers have to part with hundreds of dollars a bottle from the few liquor stores that might be lucky to have purchased a few from the very limited number of suppliers.Due to its high demand, bourbon aficionados  are known to show up in droves for the small chance of buying one in a lottery or auction.NintendoWhen Japan-based video game company, Nintendo launched the Wii gaming console back in 2006 it was a smashing success, save for the fact that for the next three years the company seemed never able to stock enough units for the US market.This was a deliberate move to artificially create intense demand by starting off with a l ow production number ensuring customers would be clamouring to buy a Wii right off the bat.Wii sold more units in the US than the  Xbox 360  and  PlayStation 3  combined in the first half of 2007 and became the fastest selling console in Australian history and in the United Kingdom at the time.StarbucksJumping on the 2017 trend of highly Instragrammable unicorn-themed, rainbow-hued food and beverages, Starbucks introduced a pinkish-purple-and-blue coffee-free fruity drink called the ‘Unicorn Frappuccino’ stating it would be available for a few days.Starbucks was flooded with orders with the drink selling out on the first day with over 160,000 #UnicornFrappuccino posts on Instagram.Another successful scarcity marketing campaign executed by Starbucks was the serving of coffee in reusable #RedCups for one day only during the December holiday season which also ran out first angering customers who were forced to drive around to find a store that still had them in stock.Users would ge t $0.5 off every purchase with the cup available for $2 from the day after.SCARCITY TECHNIQUESAs we have observed in the above examples, the principle can typically be used in two broad ways;Limited number: The item is in short supply and once it runs out it will not be available.Limited time (deadline): The item or service is only available only during the stated period only.Limited-Number TechniquesOut of StockA classic example of the social proof psychological principle, if a product runs out of stock frequently, customers think that it is popular among the general population and must therefore be of good quality.For example, British shirtmaker T.M. Lewin online store indicates the design, size and cut of the shirts that are currently out of stock.A customer is then encouraged to leave their email address to be informed when they restock.Only ‘X’ LeftAs in the cookie jar experiment where a reduction in the cookies led to a higher rating of perceived quality, when you visit ap plications or websites involving booking of hotels, movies and events, you might have noticed a disclaimer that there are only a limited number of spaces remaining.This pushes the consumers to make an immediate purchase.You may have an experience of missing out on a hotel or flight because you waited a few days to book.Booking.com for example heightens the urgency of making an immediate booking by displaying people simultaneously viewing the same hotel with you and the number of times it has been booked in the last hour.Invite-OnlySpotify’s entry into the US Market after a huge popularity in Europe came as an opportunity to increase their paid membership by limiting entry to the free service to invite-only.You have to choose either between waiting for an invite or paying for unlimited or premium service.Smartphone brand OnePlus used a similar strategy to add hype and mystique during launch and to manage demand, selling nearly a million phones from over 25 million invites to their website in the first year without opening a single store.This technique appeals to our innate attraction to exclusivity and the Fear of Missing Out (FOMO) best illustrated in Steve Whyley’s social experiment with the 11K Club â€" a mysterious club with only 11,000 slots and one exceptional benefit which you’d only know by joining.For Limited UsersSimilar to the invite-only tactic, marketers can sometimes introduce special offers for certain users only. This creates a sense of longing for those missing out and superiority for that special category of users.This will typically occur in services with a tier of users such as football club or cinema membership where tickets can be availed first to the top ranked members cascading to the lowest and general public.For technology products, paid-up users may take advantage of discounts or pre-releases, while free users have to upgrade to enjoy the same.Limited Edition As we have seen with some of the examples above, limited stock doesn†™t necessarily have to be a product of high demand, it can be a deliberate sales strategy.Remember when Adidas debuted Kanye West’s Yeezy Boost 350 in 2015?They were completely sold out within minutes of being available for purchase online.The air of exclusivity attributed to limited edition articles such as watches, leather bags etc. taps into our inherent desire to stand out and acquire status symbols that others don’t have.Deadline (Limited-Time) TechniquesFlash SalesA flash sale is a discount or a type of promotion where the cost of purchase is greatly reduced than run-of-the-mill discounts, lasting for only a short period of time.The quantity may be limited as in end of year sales which coupled up with the very low prices triggers the urgency of making an immediate purchase or more accurately, impulse buying.Even when the product may be available at a later date with little difference in price, the term ‘flash sale’ emblazoned on storefronts or at the landing page of th e online store triggers similar urgency.Purchase CountdownsA retailer can define the scarcity parameters on an e-commerce website by putting a timer or countdown.The customer is now well aware of how much time is left for them to make a decision and with it comes urgency.On eBay, for instance, a countdown timer is used to ignite last-minute bidding wars amongst prospective buyers effective driving up the price tag of a scarce item.A majority of websites have a checkout timer to encourage the user to make a purchase as soon as their basket is full rather than later.Sale Price CountdownA countdown timer can also be deployed to emphasize the amount of time left before a product is no longer available at the discounted price.TigerDirect.com, for example, place a massive countdown timer in addition to their daily sales to trigger a FOMO for the deal of the day which would appear to not be available any time soon after the expiry.Limited Time Shipping When Girlfriend Collective launched i ts website in 2016, the brand offered its social media followers a free $100 pair of leggings for the cost of shipping for a limited time and sharing the link to its website on Facebook to spread the word.They effectively utilised word-of-mouth to drive traffic to the website.A countdown can also be leveraged in the context of free or next-day shipping as normally used on Amazon to notify the customer the exact time remaining for the seller to guarantee timely shipping spurring the customer to make a purchase.Seasonal SpecialsThe holidays seasons don’t last forever and as such when customers see holiday/seasonal offers they do see scarcity which drives sales.Some retailers such as Modcloth create special designs available only during the specific holiday such as Christmas sweaters, Starbucks sells pumpkin spice flavoured drinks only in the fall and for a premium too!CAUTION: WHAT TO CONSIDERInvoking the Scarcity Principle to sell or promote a promote a product or service can be a very effective persuasion strategy, but it can also backfire horribly as it did for two iOS productivity apps Tempo and Mailbox that released their services to a small group of users similar to Facebook’s fashion but kept others waiting indefinitely.If you overuse scarcity, it will be a matter of time before your customers catch on after realising you are ‘running out of stock’ every week or hosting flash sales every too often.Remember what the findings of the cookie jar experiment taught us; a product that is scarce because of high demand and not accident or what we could call artificial sales is rated higher in terms of perceived quality.This is as compared to items that are consistently scarce from the beginning or those that started off scarce and now are abundant with the latter actually decreasing its perceived value.In a study published on the Social Behaviour and Personality Journal, researchers found that when consumers interpreted scarcity claims as a sales tactic, i t’s positive on consumer purchase decision are diluted.In line with the cookie jar experiment, Aggarwal, Jun and Huh in a 2013 article on the Journal of Advertising observed that limited-quantity messages are more effective than limited-time messages in influencing consumers purchase intentions.It is important to note that scarcity alone will not net you your desired sales levels alone, it has to be used in combination with other factors including a great, well-differentiated product design and a proper market assessment.One important consideration is the knowledge you have about your target audience.Can they get by with alternatives?If this is a possibility, what unique feature does your product or service have?Would your customers be motivated by scarcity or could they resent it?WRAPPING UPAccording to the scarcity people, people will ascribe greater value to an item that is in short supply and lesser value to an item that is in abundant supply.As a marketer, you can take advant age of the scarcity principle to drive the sales of your products by creating artificial scarcity.When doing this, however, it is important to make your artificial scarcity seem authentic, else customers will see through your games and perceive your products as less valuable.

Analysis Of Ragged Dick - 1720 Words

Success is something everyone strives for in life, and the basis of what is needed to gain it has been relatively the same since the 1860s. The means needed to acquire what is needed for success although, were not quite as easy as they are in comparison to today. In 1867, there was a young boy, around 12 years old, named Ragged Dick. He was an orphan who stole and slept in the streets, and also a bootblack, which is someone who shines shoes for a living. In the book Ragged Dick, the author explained, â€Å"He would not steal, or cheat, or impose on younger boys, but was frank and straight-forward, manly and self-reliant.† Though he had a rugged upbringing, he had the means for being a successful man. He met a boy named Frank who had come from†¦show more content†¦It opened doors for them that nothing else could, making their overall lives easier. The reconstruction era gained its name after Abraham Lincoln tried to reconstruct the south after the war. There were man y difficulties in the way to fulfil his goal though, such as the issue with insects invading their food and living spaces. Cass G. Barns wrote about this in The Sod House, Grasshoppers was written in 1875 and said, â€Å"This year we had another very dry season resulting in light crops on which the grasshoppers came down by multiplied millions.† Not only was their crop season dry, resulting in few crops, but the grasshoppers ate whatever survived the drought. This left no crops for the southerners to eat, making their living extremely hard with little food to live off of. This was not the only type of insect that made their lives harder, they also faced blood eating insects. Barns also wrote â€Å"Bugs†, which also appeared in The Sod House, she wrote that, â€Å"In moving into all kinds of houses we find all kinds of insects that prey upon human blood.† The southerners moved in search of better crops but only ran into more insects. These bugs made their houses no longer safe to live in but they had no other options. They killed hundreds but there were always more that came to feed off of them, only contributing to the daily difficulties after the war. To add to theShow MoreRelatedA Letter Of Termination And On The Birth Announcement Of A Child1327 Words   |  6 Pagesinfluence on design today. There are few basic principles of Swiss design; asymmetrical organization of units on a mathematical grid, freedom from exaggerated claims of propaganda or advertising, and a use of sans-serif typography set in a flush left and ragged right margin configuration (Meggs 372.) Designers of the time believed that sans-serif typefaces were an expression of a progressive age and mathematical grids led to harmonious and clear design, achieving clarity and order was the goal. 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Later I will return to these issues and will demonstrate how they contribute to the routinization of Rastafari in Jamaica. The nature of this book dictates a heavy reliance on documentary analysis. My focus is interpretation not ethnography. Therefore, I have not sought to generate primary data on the movement but to analyze and re-analyze the growing body of scholarly and popular literature on the movement, including sociological and anthropological

Gender Roles During The Middle East - 2731 Words

What do you think of when you hear gender roles? You probably think of men and women having the same opportunities. Or you think of how there isn’t gender equality in most places in the world. Most people are against others saying that males and females should have gender roles, or that one thing should be identified into a gender role. There are very different norms in different societies around the world. Not all are agreed with, but some are completely supported. Gender roles have changed throughout evolution. Gender roles can even be created from humans portraying something a certain way. Life for those who have their life controlled by one human struggle with gender roles and how they should be. But how did gender roles even become a topic? How are gender roles for people who have almost no rights? The Middle East has different tendencies than in other places in the world, due to the fact of the religion they practice and the way they live. Islam is the second most popula r religion in the world. There were about 1.6 billion Muslims in the world in 2010, according to Pew Research. Muslims constituted about 23% of all people on Earth. The religion is currently in a period of rapid growth, and is expected to reach 2.8 billion by 2050, when the number of Muslims will probably approximately equal the number of Christians in the world. Estimates of the number of Muslim adults in the U.S. have ranged from 1 to 7 million. The former estimate is based on public opinion pollsShow MoreRelatedWomen And The Middle East And North Africa1148 Words   |  5 PagesThe diversities within North Africa, the Middle East, and Southeast Asia (cultural, religious, political, etc.) play a crucial part in the status of women and the key features of gender roles in these particular geographic regions. The Middle East and North Africa share commonalities through Arabic and Islamic culture. 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East of Eden Biblical Allusions Free Essays

Parker Hoshizaki Tully English 2 (H) 10; 1 10/5/2003 Cain and Abel: The Symbolic Trio of Pairs â€Å"Why are you so angry? Why is your face downcast? If you do what is right, will you not be accepted? † so flows verse 7, genesis 4. In John Steinbecks novel, East of Eden several allusions are made to the biblical story of Cain and Abel, the most significant of which revolves around the idea of â€Å"timshel:† which is embodied within this quotation. Repeated through the two generations the novel spans are three examples of this, patterned first by Charles and his brother Adam, then through Adam and his troubled wife Cathy, and finally through the aforementioned couples offspring Aron and the controversial character Caleb (Cal). We will write a custom essay sample on East of Eden Biblical Allusions or any similar topic only for you Order Now The vicious cycle of Cain against Abel, Brother against Brother, in the Trask family destroys these generations and yet a glimmer of hope remains through the idea of â€Å"Timshel†. Moving chronologically, Adam and Charles are the first Cain and Abel pairing in the novel. Logically, they show the closest parallelism to the original story; this parallelism can be drawn down to three main events in the storyline. The first of these events is the acceptance and denial, respectively, of gifts presented by Adam and Charles to their father, the god figure in their version of the story. This event is followed by the attempted murder of Adam by his own brother Charles, as a direct result of the previous incident. The third event is much later in the story, as Charles is trying to move a large boulder with a crowbar he slips and cuts his forehead, an injury that will leave a large scar symbolic of the mark the Lord put upon Cain after Abels murder. The second pairing in the symbolic Cain and Abel trio is that of Cathy and Adam. Cathy and Adam are an unusual Cain and Able pairing in East of Eden but are important nonetheless. The pairing of Cathy and Adam does not express its symbolisms through key events like the other two do; instead they are expressed more through their personalities then their actions. Cathy symbolizes all the most evil parts of the biblical Cain, all the evil and malice that he possessed is expressed through Cathys malicious personality. Meanwhile the innocent and happily-in-love Adam is symbolic of the purity and contentment of the Abel; that is, up until the climactic shooting of Adam by Cathy marking the end of this Cain and Abel pairing. Before introducing the third pairing there is an important character that must be analyzed. Known simply as Lee, Adams highly educated Chinese manservant is a key character in the symbolic Cain and Able cycle. After being assaulted by his wife, Adam is bedridden and empty; at this point Lee begins to act as a caretaker for his employer, looking after him and caring for his twin sons Cal and Aron. Thus it is fitting that Lee should be the one to counsel Cal in his most vulnerable moment, and plant the seed of hope in his mind. In respect to the novel, Lee serves primarily as a physical embodiment of the idea of individual ability and freedom, he preaches this to Cal through the idea of â€Å"Timshel†, a Hebrew word meaning â€Å"thou mayest†. Lee believes that Cal is not inherently evil, is not destined to follow the same path as his ancestors, and has a choice as to how he will lead his life. The third Cain and Abel pairing and perhaps the most important one is, ironically, that of Adams twin boys, Caleb and Aron. The biblical symbolism of Cal and Arons generation is simultaneously the most unusual and the most significant to the novel. With this third example returns three symbols of the original story. First is the two gifts, and once again the symbolic Abels gift is accepted while the symbolic Cains is denied, a repetition of Adams fathers favoritism. Following this event Caleb is so enraged he tells the emotionally fragile Aron of their mothers’ true identity, a whore employed in a brothel. So emotionally affected by this is Aron that he runs away and joins the army the following day. Aron is later killed in the war thus fulfilling the second symbolic Cain and Abel event. The final and most significant event in the novel is the next step in the Cain and Abel story, the marking of Cain. Cal is horribly disturbed by what he has caused his brother to do, and he is convinced that he has inherited his mothers’ evil blood and is destined for a life of evil. However through the timely and wise council of Lee, he is made to ask his father, his god, for a blessing. To which Adam responds with a single word, Timshel, symbolically breaking the families’ vicious cycle of Cain and Abel pairings. If you do not do what is right, sin is crouched at your door; it desires to have you, but you must master it. † (Genesis 4, Verse 7). Thus ends the cruel cycle of blood and malcontent that plagued the Trask family. Armed with the belief of Timshel given to Cal by Lee one may see that there is hope for the final Cain character in the book, that he may not be bound by blood and by history to be evil and that he may gain the freedom to blaze his own path i nto a future unmarred by his past. How to cite East of Eden Biblical Allusions, Papers

Negotiation in Construction Industry Disputes UAE Situation

Introduction This chapter presents the background of the study, statement of the problem, objectives of the study and research questions. It also presents the significance of the study, limitations and conceptual framework of the study.Advertising We will write a custom dissertation sample on Negotiation in Construction Industry Disputes: UAE Situation specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Background of the study An overview of the construction industry In a global context, construction industry constitutes one of the largest sectors of any given economy. Within European Union, construction industry accounts for over 7 percent of the total employment among the industrial employers (European Union 2001). The industry is arguably the largest employer among industrial employers in Europe. In the year 1999, the industry accounted for over 10 percent of European Union’s Gross Domestic Product (GDP). This phenomenon is not isolated to the European Union. The construction industry constituted over 9 percent of the United States of America’s GDP in the year 2004 (Building Futures Commission (BFC) 2005). BFC estimated the value of construction work within 2004 at over $1 trillion (BFC 2005). The United Arab Emirates (UAE) construction industry is a robust industry that competes favourably with the construction industry in different geographical entities. UAE’s construction industry valued at over $700 billion in 2010, accounts for a fifth of the construction industry in the Arab world (Malty Dillon 2007; RNCOS 2011; Gulf News 2011).It is also the second largest contributor to UAE’s GDP (Gulf News 2011) Despite the relatively positive outlook on the construction industry, disputes have the potential to derail any gains made in the industry. According to the American Bar Association (ABA) (n.d), litigation expenditure in the US construction industry amounts to over $5 billion annually. This expen diture has been growing at the rate of 10 percent on a yearly basis (ABA n.d). The construction industry in the UAE has also seen an increase in the construction disputes. The growing demand for lawyers versed with construction disputes attests to the increasing construction disputes within UAE (Arabian Business 2011).Advertising Looking for dissertation on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Causes of disputes within UAE construction industry There are several causes of disputes within UAE’s construction industry. These are classified into three broad categories. The three categories include economic factors, legal factors and the human factors. Economic factors as a cause of disputes within construction industry can be analysed within the context of the wider global economic crisis. Recent economic crisis resulted in cash strapped developers (Haddad 2009). The developers had limited cash liquidity to settle their debts from lenders and to pay their contractors, sub contractors and employees resulting into disputes. Human factors can be understood from the three dimensions; disputes attributed to contractor, disputes attributed to clients and finally disputes attributed to the designer (Motsa 2006). These are construction disputes that can be directly associated with a given party’s failure to accomplish its part of the agreement. Such failure may be for example inadequate design drawings by the designer amongst other factors. Disputes attributed to the legal factors often occur due to inadequate understanding or compliance with set legal provisions. The disputes may also occur because of abuse of powers or provisions of the construction laws. Sometimes the disputes may occur due to loopholes inherent in the construction laws utilized. In the context of legal factors as a cause of construction disputes, Mansoor (2010) identifies several provisions within the FIDIC construc tion contracts that often lead to disputes. He stated the Engineer’s powers to suspend construction works or recover lost time and an employer’s right to subcontract to third parties some of the construction works as some of the causes of disputes. Other legal provisions with potential of generating disputes include the ‘pay if paid’ legal provisions and the assignment of the engineer’s role amongst other legal provisions. For the purposes of illustrating how legal provisions can degenerate into disputes, we will use the ‘pay if paid’ legal provision. The ‘back to back’ and ‘pay if paid’ payment provisions in the construction contracts are a major cause of construction disputes in UAE.Advertising We will write a custom dissertation sample on Negotiation in Construction Industry Disputes: UAE Situation specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More These legal provisions a llow the subcontractor to receive payment for work done when the main contractor is paid money corresponding to that piece of work (Bin Shabib Associate 2009). In this context, subcontractors can lose their money when the main contractor fails to be paid for any given reason. Traditional ways of dispute resolution Traditional ways of dispute resolution involves arbitration, adjudication and litigation methods. Arbitration uses experts with an appreciation of a dispute’s technical, legal perspective and technological perspectives to act as arbitrators. There are several advantages associated with arbitration method of dispute resolution. In the arbitration method, any evidence that is relevant to the dispute is admitted. This contrasts sharply with the litigation method where there are formal rules to be applied for the evidence to be accepted. Arbitration decisions are often not available for public records. This preserves the confidentiality of the nature of dispute and the disputing parties. This often avoids the stigma associated with negative litigation records that may be available to the public. Arbitration also use specialists in the given dispute matters and as such root problems of the dispute are often addressed. There are numerous disadvantages associated with the arbitration method of dispute resolution. Arbitration decisions often have to be ratified by the courts in order to be effective. Sometimes, lack of rigour associated by with litigation in admissibility of evidence and the rules of procedures may weaken arbitration decisions. Litigation method is method that involves the use of courts to settle the disputes. Litigation is often used when all the other methods of dispute resolution have failed. There are several advantages associated with the litigation methods. The major advantage of the litigation method is the ease of enforcement of the decisions.Advertising Looking for dissertation on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Litigation often uses formal rules in terms of evidence admissibility as well as procedural matters that are known or easily accessible to everybody. On the other hand, there are some disadvantages in the litigation method. The method is often costly because disputing parties have to hire advocates. Litigation method also takes a lot of time to resolve disputes which often drive the costs up. The other major disadvantage of litigation is the destruction of the commercial relationship. Negotiation as a means of dispute resolution In the context of the challenges associated with arbitration and litigation methods, Alternative Dispute Resolution (ADR) is emerging as a popular dispute resolution mechanism. In particular, negotiation is increasingly becoming a preferred mode of settling construction related disputes in UAE (Al-Tamimi Company 2011). Negotiation falls within Alternative Dispute Resolution (ADR) dispute resolution mechanism. The other dispute resolution mechanism that form s ADR is the mediation mode of resolving disputes amongst other forms. Negotiation as a means of dispute resolution involves the disputing parties agreeing on an amicable solution to their problem. It often works best in instances where there is a provision of the same in the construction contract or where the conflicting parties mutually settle on negotiation process. Some of the construction issues that can be negotiated include project completion dates, arbitration dates and special work item compensation amongst other issues (Fleming 2003). There are several advantages and disadvantages associated with negotiation as a mode of dispute resolution. This mode of dispute resolution offers a low cost mechanism of solving disputes. It also saves on time as the parties dictate their own timelines. However, negotiation is not an ideal dispute resolution mechanism in instances where there are technical legal provisions that have to be interpreted (Al-Tamimi Company 2011). It may also be difficult to enforce decisions arrived through negotiation unlike in the litigation mode of conflict resolution (Bin Shabib Associate 2009). This is primarily because compliance on the arrived decisions depends on the goodwill of the parties involved. Poor negotiation and skills adopted by one of the parties may lead to a stalemate. This may occur when one party is too demanding and the other party cannot compromise to the desired level. In this context, negotiation may not be an ideal dispute resolution mechanism. Statement of the problem ADR as a means of disputes resolution mechanism in the construction industry has been studied from a global perspective. In the context of UAE’s construction industry, there are several studies on ADR as a means of dispute resolution mechanism. However, there is a shortage of studies exhaustively focusing on the negotiation as a means of dispute resolution mechanism within UAE’s construction industry. This paper seeks to address th is gap. Objectives of the study The objectives of the study are divided into two broad categories; general objectives and specific objectives. Specific objectives are a subset of the broader general objectives. General Objective The main objective of the study is to examine negotiation methods within the context of UAE’s construction industry. Specific Objectives The study has four objectives as highlighted below. To examine the constituents of successful negotiations in UAE’s construction industry disputes. To examine the different types of negotiations in UAE’s construction industry disputes To examine the historical context of the various negotiations used in UAE’s construction industry disputes. To examine how negotiations affect contractor-employee and contractor-employer relationships. Research questions What are the constituents of successful negotiations in UAE’s construction industry disputes? What are the different types of negotiation methods used in UAE’s construction industry disputes? What is the historical context of the various negotiation methods used in UAE’s construction industry? How do negotiations affect the contractor-employee and contractor-employer relationships in UAE’s construction industry? Significance of the study This study will be useful to a number of people including but not limited to construction employees, clients, contractors and researchers. The research will be beneficial to this diverse group of people in several ways. Employees Disputes between the employer and contractor or even directly between the contractor and the employees may affect the welfare of the employees in several ways. The employees may lose their wages and benefits or there may be a delay in the processing of the same. Such scenarios are not desirable. Successful resolution of such disputes is of utmost importance to the employees. This research will educate the employees on the various negoti ation options available to the clients whenever disputes arise. Clients Clients may get into various disputes with the contractor on either finished work or work-in-progress. Negotiation forms a critical way of solving those disputes whenever they arise. This research will provide adequate negotiation types and methods within the context of UAE’s construction industry. The research will thus provide educative materials on the several negotiation options that the client can utilize in dispute resolution. Contractors Construction disputes often have negative financial consequences on the contractors. Such consequences may include loss of revenue for work done or reputational damage leading to loss of business. Successful dispute resolution is thus of critical importance to the contractors. In this context, the paper will provide educative literature on the negotiation as means of dispute resolution. Such information will be useful in enumerating the various negotiation options available to the contractors embroiled in disputes. Researchers The study will expand the existing literature on the construction disputes resolution mechanisms. In particular, the study will provide literature on negotiation as a means of construction industry disputes resolution. In this context, the study will be useful to the researchers in several ways. The study will provide relevant literature for the researchers on dispute resolution mechanism in UAE. The study will provide suggestions for further studies in the conclusion part of this report. Such suggestions can provide future researchers on relevant topics for research. Limitations of the study The research intends to discuss negotiation as a means of dispute resolution mechanism within the context of UAE’s construction industry. The paper does not intend to cover in detail other means of dispute resolution within UAE’s construction industry. Several factors contributed into settling for the research proposa l. The researcher considered researching on the dispute resolution mechanism within UAE’s construction industry. However, the topic was too broad to be tackled in depth. Conceptual framework In the study of the set objectives of the study, the researcher used several approaches. Studying of the relevant literature on the subject provided much needed background on the study and material facts on dispute resolution methods. The study used questionnaires to collect data on several aspects. Such aspects included how negotiation affects contractor-employer and contractor-employee relationships among other issues. The collected data was then analysed and inferences deduced. References Al-Tamimi Company 2011, Construction Law. Available from: http://www.tamimi.com/files/Legal%20Brochures/ConstructionLaw.pdf. Arabian Business 2011, Demand soars for UAE construction dispute lawyers. Available from: http://www.arabianbusiness.com/demand-soars-for-uae-construction-dispute-lawyers-1488 3.html . BFC 2005, Measuring productivity and evaluating innovation in the US construction industry. Available from: http://www.thebfc.org/uploads/BFC_Productivity_whitepaper.pdf . Bin Shabib Associate 2009, United Arab Emirates. Available from: http://www.bsa.ae/pdf/GTDT%20UAE.pdf. European Union 200, Competitiveness of the construction industry. Available from: http://www.etn-presco.net/library/SustConst_EC-TaskGroup.pdf. Fleming, Q 2003, Project procurement management: contracting, subcontracting, teaming. Pennsylvania: FMC Press. Gulf News, 2011,  UAE tops Gulf construction market. Available from http://gulfnews.com/business/construction/uae-tops-gulf-construction-market-1.662171 Haddad, J 2009. Impact of the global financial crisis on the GCC’s construction Industry. Available from: http://precisionsarl.com/images/Articles/201104140621625.pdf. Mansoor, M 2010, The application of Alternative Dispute Resolution (ADR) in the UAE construction industry.Available from web. sbe.hw.ac.uk/currentstudents/†¦/D†¦/Dissertation_final_-all.pdf Matly M, Dillon L 2007, Dubai strategy: Past, Present, Future Available from: http://belfercenter.ksg.harvard.edu/files/matly_paper1.pdf. Motsa, CD 2006, Managing Construction disputes. Available from: http://eprints.utm.my/1951/1/CalebDumisaMotsaMAD2006TTT.pdf. RNCOS 2011, UAE Construction Industry Outlook to 2012.Available from http://www.rncos.com/Market-Analysis-Reports/UAE-Construction-Industry-Outlook-to-2012-IM183.htm Weinberg, W 2010, Recent developments in arbitration law in UAE. Available from: http://www.wwhgd.com/news-article-71.html. This dissertation on Negotiation in Construction Industry Disputes: UAE Situation was written and submitted by user Santiago N. to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

The Misfortune of Love

The Misfortune of Love â€Å"The Torments of Love† is a fascinating trilogy that explains the nature of love and how vain it can be. It is the story of a young woman Helisenne who was married at the tender age of 11 years, to a much older man. Initially they shared a perfect marriage worth coveting. However, this was only because of Helisenne’s innocence who was both young and naà ¯ve at the time.Advertising We will write a custom term paper sample on The Misfortune of Love specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More She is portrayed as a chaste and noble lady who is set to be the model wife, respectful and admired by all. However, with the exposure to new environment she becomes wise in the ways of love. Such exposure leads to an adulterous affair with Guenelic, a younger male of seemingly noble origin. The flight to fantasy land reveals the vanity of love brought about by much suffering such that she ends up regretting existence and wishes that her cr eator would not have let her live beyond her childhood. In the book, De Crenne highlights the two types of love: lascivious love; illicit vain and full of suffering; and matrimonial love noble; chaste and worthwhile. This story therefore is an expression of how the power of lascivious loves over matrimonial, how vain it can be and why people should pursue more worth while ventures. Crenne views marriage as a very sacred and holy institution held in deep reverence by those in it (8). Chastity is the rock under which perfect marriages are built on. A married person has to be both chaste in heart as well as in character: the things that a married person does must reflect a chaste spirit from within. As such a married person especially a woman has to avoid all the trappings of the search for pleasure. With regard to pleasure, Crenne says that it can be found in abundance within marriage and as such, a person has no reason to go searching for it outside the marriage (8). Furthermore a ma rried person holds a very important position in the society and as such has to uphold dignity so as to retain that position (9). Married women are subject to public scrutiny by society and are much more liable to blame and condemnation should they commit any form of misdemeanor such as having affairs with other men. Therefore Crenne sees women as the carriers of dignity not only in marriage but also in the society (9). Men on their part have a free ticket and are allowed to have extra marital affairs without any blame; the kings, princes and such other men of noble background, without criticism from the society, publicly express their affection for Helisenne, despite knowing that she is married.Advertising Looking for term paper on american literature? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More It is Helisenne who is watched carefully by the society to see if she will fall for the traps set by such men (10). This is an expressi on of how women are discriminated in the society. Furthermore a chaste wife upholds not only her dignity but also that of her husband (10). It takes great fortune to have great marriage; for it would not be attributed to anything other than fortune for a person to marry a total stranger. Marrying a total stranger and finding that they are ‘agreeable† is just a matter of fortune (8). Helisenne was married to a stranger soon after she turned 11. She was lucky to have found an adorable husband (8). Such occurrence can thus be attributed to nothing but luck. The irony of such fortune is that it can turn out to be a misfortune. At such an early age one is bound by the innocence and naivetà © of the new found love. The misfortune is compounded by the societal norms and beliefs such as choosing one’s marriage partner, rather than being let to choose whom one loves. This is the beginning of the misfortune of love. Marriage founded on such innocence and naivetà © is full of love and pleasure, inexplicable beyond words. The marriage partners in such a case find it easy to love and reciprocate love (8). Such a marriage lacks nothing and whatever little there lacks a person is motivated to persevere for the sake of love; Helisenne persevered for three years with poor health as a result of her early marriage but went through the suffering gladly in the name of love (8). Furthermore due to the innocence of such a young couple the marriage is full of â€Å"delight and amusement pleasure† (10). Perfect marriage survives on reason and logic. Therefore, a married person should let reason (chastity) prevail over bodily desires (adultery) so as to maintain marriage (10). The partners find a lot of pleasure in each other’s company and support. The couples find it easier to do things together thus; â€Å"together when the desired day came, we went to the said city to increase (our) chances of winning the court case† (9, 10). This is in refe rence to Helisenne’s great journey to a new city to fight for their land. Such is the honor of a marriage of young and innocent people. It has no blemish (10). However such a marriage lives as long as the couple remains locked up in their own world because sooner or later nature may call upon a person to move from one place to another.Advertising We will write a custom term paper sample on The Misfortune of Love specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Such a change of scene presents one with the opportunity to discover new things, which includes new people. Such discovery exposes the young, naà ¯ve and unnatural love to new challenges. This exposure may lead one to find other people with whom one may fall in love with, naturally. This new love is beyond comprehension and can only be compared to madness (73). When this occurs it is the beginning of an adulterous affair. Such affairs are full of passion and uncontrollable craving for insatiable pleasure. Initially a person may make the best efforts to fight and maintain the chastity but eventually and slowly will succumb to the unimaginable urge to be with the new found love. Furthermore such an adulterous affair starts as an innocent physical attraction that grows with time (10). Such illicit love is held in great secret. It is like a snare and once it captures its victims it makes them totally helpless and only depend on it for survival (16). Such love can be arrested before it grows beyond control by reducing the proximity between the two lovers (10, 73). This means that physical distance and the frequency of contact are what motivate this love to grow stronger and stronger. Moreover, the secrecy in which it is ducted only adds more fuel to the fire. Crenne continues to explain the there are two types of love: lascivious (adulterous affair) love and chaste (matrimonial) love (10). Lascivious love is illicit, full of vain and hope as the married person always harbors unending fantasies of being with their secret lover. Such fantasies only lead to physical, psychological and even spiritual turmoil (201). What is more surprising is the fact that the individual who finds illicit affection to a secret lover cannot hide that love for long as the love is too strong that it causes a person to change their general mannerism. The behavior change betrays one’s inner feeling. Married people who find themselves in illicit affairs may want to fight the urge and keep it secret until the day they die, but slowly it starts to consume them such that they drop their guard and start defending such an adulterous affair. The pillars that kept a person chaste soon start to carve in under pressure and as such unreason slowly sets in. This is the genesis of breaking up of a marriage that initially seemed immune to such. As a result of the unreason of lascivious love a person in love can defend the infirmities of those they love to justify the love. Reaso n no longer prevails. Instead reason takes a new meaning such that it is only what is done in the name of love that seems reasonable. So unreasonable is the new craving for love that even respect for God slowly wanes. Even such places of worship as temples are converted into places of opportunity to practice such infirmities (Disse12).Advertising Looking for term paper on american literature? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More A person cannot love two people especially if one of them was a person for whom one was forced to love. Surprisingly though, love can be transferred from one person to another thus; â€Å"the love (that Helisenne) felt for her husband now belonged to her secret lover† (13). Such illicitly attained love can only be maintained through illicit means. The person who previously espoused the virtues of honesty and integrity acquires new tastes: to cheat, to lie, to betray and to pretend so as to maintain the new love. This is out of the anxiety created by the knowledge that something that is easily obtained is easily devalued. For there to be any appreciation of love one has to persevere through great odds and suffer great consequences so as to appreciate that priced possession (25). Such is the controlling nature of lascivious love. Such love is also full of doubts worries about its present and future existence (66). Love, whether chaste or illicit, is such a powerful force in lif e that it is the whole essence that motivates people to continue living. It is what adds meaning to an otherwise meaningless life. It is so important that when it is denied to a person, the need to live dies. People can spend their entire lifetimes looking for love, journey to great countries, engage in war and go through the great odds in search of it (77). Helisenne’s husband lived for the love of his wife, going to such great lengths as to threaten to kill her secret lover, as well as lock her up in effort to separate her from illicit lover. After realizing that Helisenne had been locked up Guenelic, her secret lover, out of his love for her sets out to search for her, the result of which is the journeys through out the world in search of there Helisenne had been locked up by her husband. Helisenne the former chaste, noble and faithful wife, upon discovering the attraction of secret love spends her entire life searching for her secret love. Crenne adds that even some of th e most important personalities such as Socrates were also victims of this domineering phenomenon (93, 94). The effort that is put to seek love is so great that one would expect a better life after such great love is found. However the opposite is true. Such love is just vain. It leads to nothing. After all the suffering and torment a person goes through such love does not lead to freedom. People who commit their lives in pursuit of this kind of life and love are exposing themselves to suffering anguish and possibly death; death being the ultimate end of the pursuit of such desires (201-214). Because of the vanity of such love Crenne advices ladies of nobility to look for something much more valuable to do other than search for love that would lead them nowhere thus; â€Å" exhorting all fair ladies to love sparingly well, chastely and avoid all manner of vain and unchaste love† (7). It is better to be chaste, dignified, and to avoid the pursuit of the pleasures of love. Chast e love is fulfilling. However, the search for illicit pleasures of love is the real cause of much suffering and affliction. Such affliction makes one not only loose their status in the society but also their life. This it is more important to commit ones life in pursuit of other noble course other than love. De Crenne, Halisenne. The Torments of Love, Minneapolis, MN: University of Minnesota, 1996. Print Disse, Dorothy. Helisenne de Crenne /Marguerite de Briet (d. aft.1552). Other Women  Voices. 2011. Web.

Unorthodox Writing Tips

Unorthodox Writing Tips Unorthodox Writing Tips If you’ve ever stared at a blank page, trying to conjure the right words and coming up empty, you’re not alone. Many writers, despite being passionate about their craft, find the writing process long and challenging. Here are some unorthodox writing tips to try when you’re stuck on a blank page: Begin in the Middle A piece of writing typically starts with an introduction, followed by the body of the piece and the conclusion. However, many writers get stuck at the beginning. You can avoid this by going straight to the body of your piece and writing the introduction last. Take Your Time If inspiration eludes you, perhaps it’s time to put the pen down for an hour or two and allow your mind to wander. Try an activity that does not require much mental effort. A long drive, a walk, or even cleaning the house can get your creative juices flowing. Return to your desk when you’re feeling less frustrated. â€Å"Ramble on!† If this is your first draft, have fun. Let the words flow without censorship and write whatever comes to mind. This gets you â€Å"in the zone† and puts words on the page. You’ll be surprised how good some of them might be. Late, you can edit and refine your work. Remember the Purpose of Writing To set the proper tone, you must know what you want to accomplish. There are three main goals of writing. Knowing into which category your piece falls will help you keep on track. These are: To Inform Informative pieces educate the readers. They are clear, precise, and (most importantly) objective. If you’re writing to inform, leave out your opinions and stick to the facts. To Express Expressive pieces establish human connections, convey values, and contribute to culture. They generally have a more casual tone and structure, and often include feelings and opinions. To Persuade Persuasive pieces are a serious form of writing meant to change the mind of the reader, or at least make them question their stance. A persuasive piece must be backed by reliable sources and based on facts to maintain its credibility. Given the time and effort writing requires, even professional writers experience writer’s block sometimes. Don’t be too hard on yourself if you get stuck. Use these tips, or get assistance from professional writers and editors to complete your piece. If you need help writing papers, is here to help. You can contact us at (647) 436-7280.

Messaging to Prepare for future challenges Essay

Messaging to Prepare for future challenges - Essay Example †¢Comparison and contrast the ways that the leader used messaging (communication) to institute MyBlueprint and prepare HCL Technologies and Axon for the acquisition Although such an approach was deemed as somewhat radical, the fact of the matter is that it allowed for the end reviews, high end management, to gain a more informed and realistic model of action with regards to what changes and development was necessary in helping to firm to engage in a further level of profitability for each component part and individual sector. This was useful due to the fact that it allowed the middle management to derive and achieve a level of accountability and honesty with regards to the processes and goals that they were ultimately responsible for; rather than merely putting forward talking points that would likely deviate from the root goals and endeavors that the firm sought to effect. What was noticed was that although such a process was radical and engendered a degree of risk, it nonethel ess was highly useful in providing a degree of oversight that was instrumental in detailing and establishing a baseline of performance with regards to any and all upcoming changes that could seek to promote further responsibility and profitability within the firm. With regards to Axon and the strategy that was employed as a result of the merger, this too differentiated itself from the approach that so many firms mistakenly make with respect to the way in which such a business marriage takes place. As such, rather than seeking to bring Axon directly in line with the directives that HCL Technologies had previously been operating under, they CEO determined that the best way in which to maximize the potential that could exist between the two was to seek to leverage an understanding of the fact that Axon was acquired due to the fact that it had the potential to maximize the relationship that the two firms could sustain working in a symbiotic relationship. What is meant by this is that Ax on was not acquired so that the two could behave in an identical manner; rather, the CEO came to the understanding that the firms, although now part of a singular entity, must continue to exhibit the key strengths that they had prior to being organized under one banner. Moreover, the weaknesses that the two firms exhibited must be approached from the baseline of understanding that these should be worked to be minimized without reducing the effectiveness that had formerly been exhibited by either entity. In such a manner, a differentiated and unique plan of management and standardization, as well as oversight, was required to be initiated to ensure that the synergy could be maximized without diminishing the overall competence that they formerly brought to bear. †¢Analyze the effectiveness of the internal and external messaging (communication) With regards to the effectiveness of the internal and external messaging (communication) that was utilized as a function of making the afo rementioned goals a reality, the CEO opted first and foremost to review the process in its entirety among fellow stakeholders (upper and middle management) as a means of targeting any weaknesses within the model that had formerly

E-government & social inclusion. Critically assess policies of digital Essay

E-government & social inclusion. Critically assess policies of digital inclusion in the UK Digital Britain Final Report (2009) and compare them with policies in Singapore - Essay Example Digital Britain Report recognizes the fact that Digital Life Skills are central to the sustainability of the UK economy in general and of the marginalized sections of the society in particular (2009). Digital Life Skills are the cardinal participative tools that will eventually determine the success of all the government policies targeted at the upliftment of the socially and digitally excluded segments of the masses. Digital Life Skills stand to be the credentials that enable the citizens to have an equitable access to public services and economic opportunities in the sphere of social inclusion, employment and education. The report establishes beyond doubt that though the proportion of the people lacking in basic ICT skills has gradually dwindled over time, still a considerable chunk of the British population stands to be digitally excluded (2009). This lacuna deprives them of having an effective access to state portals of service and aid, thereby aggravating their sidelined plight in the attribution of opportunities and benefits. Therefore, the report calls for a sincere and concerted effort towards the enablement of digitally excluded segments of the society that are either unable to or do not know how to go online (2009). The report envisages the extermination of barriers that curtail the opportunities for the weaker sections of the society. It unequivocally conveys that the opportunities for the weaker sections of the society can be augmented and increased by the democratization of the ICT skills. This will enable the people to improve the quality of their life, better their employment prospects and uplift their communities. The digital infrastructure and literacy ought to be ubiquitous and universally accessible. This calls for the envisaging of steps that assure the incorporation of the marginalized groups within the ambit of digital

Emotional Intelligence by Daniel Goleman Essay -- Daniel Goleman Intel

Emotional Intelligence by Daniel Goleman   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  In the book Emotional Intelligence by Daniel Goleman, the central thesis that he tries to point out is that emotional intelligence may be more important than I.Q. in determining a person’s well being and success in life. At first I didn’t know what Goleman was talking about when he said emotional intelligence, but after reading the book I have to say that I agree completely with Goleman. One reason for my acceptance of Goleman's theory is that academic intelligence has little to do with emotional life. To me, emotions can be just as intelligent as your I.Q. In this essay I hope to provide sufficient evidence to show why I agree with Goleman’s thesis on emotional intelligence.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The first topic that I want to touch on is the idea of academic intelligence having little to do with emotional life. Goleman states that, â€Å"Emotional intelligence is the ability to motivate oneself, persist in the face of frustrations, regulate one’s moods and keep distress from swamping the ability to think.† I feel that academic intelligence gives you no preparation for the turmoil and opportunities that life brings. The funny thing is that our schools and our culture are still fixated on our academic abilities. Even though emotional intelligence is a new concept, the information that does exist suggests it can be as powerful as I.Q. Instead, we should acknowledge emotional intelligence as a set of traits that can matter immensely on our person...

Obedience to Authority

Title of the Research The title of this research is â€Å"Obedience of soldiers to authority depicted in Saving Private Ryan novel by Max Allan Collins† 1. 2 Field and Object of the study The field of study in this research is literature while the object of this research is novel entitled Saving Private Ryan by Max Allan Collins. This research focuses on how chosen soldiers who got order to save Ryan respond and obey the superior authority.Also, this research will apply sociological psychology of obedience criticism theory and use psychological approach. 1. Background of the study Obedience in the community can not be separated from the culture. Obedience to rules formed by human could still be considered by moral parameters of each individual, as well as obedience to the rules and values of religion in public life, moral constraints and considerations make us able to make obedience become unstable, it is different with its laws which firm, obedience to the rule of law can not be contested by any.In military, obedience to the authority of superior is the highest oath for subordinate soldier. According to lieutenant colonel Kenneth H. Winker in his paper on Air University, all American military personnel have made a promise to obey in the form of the enlistment oath or the commissioning oath. (Winker, 1981). Every order, without exception, still in the environment of military and governmental, must be obeyed without asking, hesitating, or do refusing.One will be punished or at least not rewarded if he does not obey. While this may be true and may sometimes provide sufficient reason (on teleological grounds) for complying with orders or regulations, nonetheless, it provides grounds only for compliance (not obedience) and only in those instances where the disobedience will be noted. We are more interested in an obedience based on the authority of the superior than in a compliance due to the superior's ability to give rewards and punishments.We are intereste d in a moral obligation to obey even when no rewards or punishments are involved and when disobedience will not even be noted. (CB. Brian M. Barry, Political Argument. 1965: 84) One thing for sure, obedience to the authority of superior would be rewarded although in the military, the difference of performance would not always be rewarded, and, the refusing to the authority of superior will got rank dropped even loss the trust, for breaking the oath, therefore, obedience is perfect, could not be undermined by mere refusal.As the researcher takes obedience in military, the object for this research is a novel entitled Saving Private Ryan by Max Allan Collins based on screenplay by Robert Rotate, also filmed in Hollywood by well- known director, Steven Spielberg who make many succeed movies, such as Jurassic about eight soldier being a squad who got order from the supreme head, president Abraham Lincoln to save a mere soldier named James Ryan. This order comes up when three other brothe rs of Ryan killed in battlefield as his family Just has them as children for their parent's; actually his family is only Ryan and his mother.He must be returned to his family whatever way, even it could sacrifices other soldiers. Psychology for the chosen savior soldiers is analyzed, how they respond to this authority. 1. 4 Research Question Based from the background of the research, the research questions that will lead the research are: 1 . How do the chosen soldiers respond a simple order for saving the fourth James Ryan in Saving Private Ryan by Max Allan Collins? 2. What are the effects of obeying the authority for saving Ryan in Saving Private Ryan by Max Allan Collins? 1. Research Purpose The purposes of this research is to answer the research question and to give conclusion about the research based on the title of the research, further explanation for the purpose of the research would lead reader to understand the problem case of the research, they are: 1. To find out the ps ychological respond of the chosen soldier to the authority for saving Ryan in Saving Private Ryan. 2. To find out how the effects of the obedience of soldiers to superior authority in the story. 1. Research Limitation The research limitation make the researcher focus on the purpose of the research.Limitation contains characteristics of methodology that influenced the application of the results that support the establishment of internal and external validity of the data. In this research, researcher will focus on social psychology, and most of them would described in agency and obedience theory by Stanley Amalgam while other would described about psychology in common, psychology of soldier in military this research, the researcher will analyze Saving Private Ryan novel by Max Allan Collins focus on the obedience of the soldiers in the story.In this section will be explained about the theory used and also other data that support the research. 2. 1 Psychology in General Psychology dire cted toward the will or toward the mind specifically in its conceive function (Merriam Webster Dictionary), Conation itself refers to the intentional and personal motivation of behavior (e. G. , the proactive direction, energize, and persistence of behavior. (Hut, 1999). Psychology comes from Greek words, psyche which meaner the soul' and logos meaner the study of a subject', so that the psychology is the study of human behavior (Aimed, 2009: 72).Psychology has traditionally identified and studied three components of mind: cognition, affect, and conation (Hut, 1996; Talon, 1997). Cognition refers to the process of coming to know information. It is generally associated with the question of â€Å"what† (e. G. , what happened, what is going on now, what is the meaning of that information. ) Affect refers to the emotional interpretation of perceptions, information, or knowledge. It is generally associated with one's attachment (positive or negative) to people, objects, ideas, etc . D asks the question â€Å"How do I feel about this knowledge or information? † Conation refers to the connection of knowledge and affect to behavior and is associated with the issue of â€Å"why. † It is the personal, intentional, playful, deliberate, goal-oriented, or striving component of motivation, the proactive (as opposed to reactive or habitual) aspect of behavior (Bandmaster, Barbarously, Maureen ; Dice, 1998; Moons, 1986). It is closely associated with the concept of volition, defined as the use of will, or the freedom to make choices about what to do (Kane, 1985; Michel, 1996).It is absolutely critical if an individual is to successfully engage in self-direction and self-regulation. 2. 2 Psychology in Literature Psychology and literature can be considered as bounded aspect, which, literature as mother study, contains many theories and analysis such as social, moral, philosophy, critics, and the most important thing, literature always use human as the main s ubject for all the conflict as the reflection of other problems and theories used in analysis of literature. Human itself has psychological system that can be explained and analyzed towards the conflicts and problems in the literature.Mcneil and Rubin stated about psychology understanding, â€Å"Human behavior is nothing less than the substance of our lives – our actions, our thoughts, our attitudes, our moods, even our hopes and dreams†¦ The purpose of Psychology as a science and profession is two fold ; first, to provide better answers to psychological questions than the â€Å"everyday psychologist† faces; and second to help people make use of these answers in shaping their own lives† (Mcneil and Rubin, The Psychology of Being Human. 994: 4) Literary works mostly reflect the behavior of human, in other words the forms of human can be seen through literary works. Psychology can be studied beyond the actions, thoughts attitudes, moods, hopes and dreams of h uman, and all of that can be found in literary works, considering that complex story work like novel narrates and describes characters behavior in a specific way. The psychology studies divide into four; they are General Psychology, Child Psychology, Social-psychology and Organizational Psychology.As the object of this research is a novel about war, focusing in obedience of soldier to authority in military, the social psychology theory is used. Furthermore, this lead to description of psychology of soldier in military in neural and the obedience theory by Stanley Amalgam, then, the analysis in order to get the purpose of this research will mix those data. 2. 3 Psychology of Soldier Psychology or psychic or mental is the most important basic aspect in order to Join military, rather than physic and strength.Psychology can lead a soldier change the behavior in war, as their Job is to protect or attack a country (sees). Actually, the most appearing mental stressed and disorder is come f rom the military. The violence in war is variable, murder, assassination, decimation, daughter, homicide, and other killing manners and terms' is become their daily diet. Outside killing, rape, persecution, etc, then it slowly affect to the psychological disorder.In Post Traumatic Stress Disorder (PETS) case, Michele K analyzed the physical violence in signs and the * Assault Sexual or physical abuse Childhood neglect Car or plane crashes Terrorist attacks Sudden death of a loved one Rape Kidnapping Common symptoms of post-traumatic stress disorder (PETS) Anger and irritability Guilt, shame, or self-blame Substance abuse Suicidal thoughts and feelings Feeling alienated and alone Feelings of mistrust and betrayal Depression and hopelessnessPhysical aches and pains Basically, in military there are 2 divisions in general for military psychologist develop and work in the soldier psychology, they are Operational Psychology division and Health, Organization, and Occupation Psychology divi sion. Operational psychology is the use of psychological principles and skills to improve a military commander's decision making as it pertains to conducting combat and/or related operations. (Stall ; Stephenson, 2006: 18(4)).Military psychologists perform work in a variety of areas, to include operating mental health and family counseling clinics, performing search to help select recruits for the armed forces, determining which recruits will be best suited for various military occupational specialties, and performing analysis on humanitarian and peacekeeping missions to determine procedures that could save military and civilian lives. Some military psychologists also work to improve the lives of service personnel and their families.Other military psychologists work with large social policy programs within the military that are designed to increase diversity and equal opportunity. (Division 19 Society for Military Psychology, 2009) In military, there is Military Human Resource Devel opment. In USA, based on the report of SADIE F. IDENTIFIED, staff manager on American Psychological Association (PAP), from congressional briefing at military,there are 3 subfields: Human factor, training, recruitment, and retention.Human Factors. Retired Cool. Gerald P. Krueger, PhD, presented results of ongoing studies of the performance-degrading effects of clothing designed to protect soldiers from chemical and biological weapons. In a study published in Military Medicine (Volvo. 166, No. 2), and Military Psychology (Volvo. 9, No. ), Krueger reported that two types of common military gear–M-40 gas masks, which are air-filtration headgear currently being used by the U. S. Litany in Iraq, and the Battledress Overpayment, a protective layer of clothes worn over a standard military uniform–impair many routine activities such as walking, smelling and breathing, though they effectively protect the wearer from chemical and biological interactions, psychological research o n training is also crucial to the military, reported Cool. Robert Roland, Used, of the Industrial College of the Armed Forces at the National Defense University in Washington, D. C. He said DoC)-funded psychological research has helped military commanders develop Survival, Evasion, Resistance and Escape (SERE) training.Recruitment. Other promising research in the SERE area is designed to help military commanders and trainers identify factors that improve service members' ability to respond to high-stress combat and captivity situations. Stress-hardy individuals, said Roland, exhibit measurable differences from their peers on variables such as heart-rate, self perception and cognitive processes. Retention. Besides recruiting, another important aspect of military human resource management is retaining enlistees. Howard M.Weiss, PhD, head of the department of psychological sciences and co-director of the Military Family Research Institute at Purdue University, summarized some of the in stitute's findings on ways in which the military can encourage re-enlistment. Commitment to the military, says Weiss, is central to predicting re-enlistment, and for married soldiers, spousal commitment is also important. In light of this finding, Weiss and his colleagues are developing measurements of military member and spousal commitment and examining the effects of quality of life on military commitment and retention.Ultimately, reported Weiss, this research will aid the military in increasing the retention rates of trained soldiers. 2. 4 Psychology of Obedience (Amalgam's Theory of Obedience to Authority) 2. 4. 1 Obedience in general Obedience, in human behavior, is a form of â€Å"social influence in which a person yields to explicit instructions or orders from an authority figure. (Coalman, 2009). Obedience is a kind of the consistency of a human to follow the rule or the authority that is given from the public agreement or the superior.Obedience usually based on two moral e ffects, when someone take vow to obey superior authority or rules, he/she must do it thou any hesitate, question, and refuses, penthouses it contrary to his/her belief in the truth to the authority itself. Those effects are sin and virtue; sin appeared when the order from superior is aimed to bad things, like killing people for money. Whereas, virtue appeared when the order from superior is aimed for the shake of public protection, killing people to avoid many other people being killed like terrorism. . 4. 2 Stanley Amalgam and His Theory of Obedience to Authority The psychology of obedience actually has been analyzed by New Yorker social psychologist Stanley Amalgam. He was born in 1933. He graduated from James Monroe High School in 1950, along with fellow classmate and future social psychologist, Phil Zanzibar. Amalgam published Obedience to Authority in 1974 and was awarded the annual social psychology award by the American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS) for hi s life's work but mostly for his work with obedience.Luckily, Amalgam also focuses on the obedience to authority in environment of military; he seeks all the problems of psychological within obedience and how the soldier responds the order and what the effect which would arose if they obey the authority. According to Amalgam, every human has the dual capacity to function as an individual exercising his or her own moral Judgment and the capacity to make their own moral decisions based on their personal character. What is still a mystery is this, what own moral Judgment?It is ironic that virtues of loyalty, discipline, and self-sacrifice that we value so highly in the individual are the very properties that create destructive organizational engines of war and bind men to malevolent systems of authority. (Obedience to Authority, 1974, p. 188). In war, mostly,the authority given reportedly to attack, defense, saving, medic, report, assassin, and other basic orders that in morality case, those authority refers to virtue that if the soldiers obey, it would have positive results.However, in other cases, the authority which leads to sin also appeared in the war, Such as My Alai incident in Vietnam, where 350 unarmed civilization killed by American soldiers because of their superior authority. 2. 4. 3 Obedience to Authority Experiments Image Information: E: Experimenter T: Teacher L: Learner The participants in the Amalgam experiment were 40 men recruited using newspaper ads. In exchange for their participation, each person was paid $4. 50. Amalgam developed an intimidating shock generator, with shock levels starting at 30 volts and increasing in 1 5-volt increments all the way up to 450 volts.The many switches were labeled with terms including â€Å"slight shock,† â€Å"moderate shock† and â€Å"danger: severe shock. † The final two switches were labeled simply with an ominous â€Å"XX. † Each participant took the role of a â€Å"teacherâ €  who would then deliver a shock to the â€Å"student† every time an incorrect answer was produced. While the participant leveled that he was delivering real shocks to the student, the student was actually a confederate in the experiment who was simply pretending to be shocked. As the experiment progressed, the participant would hear the learner plead to be released or even complain about a heart condition.Once the 300-volt level had been reached, the learner banged on the wall and demented to be released. Beyond this point, the learner became completely silent and refused to answer any more questions. The experimenter then instructed the participant to treat this silence as an incorrect response and deliver a further shock. Most participants asked the experimenter whether they should continue. The experimenter issued a series of commands to prod the participant along: 1. â€Å"Please continue. † 2. â€Å"The experiment requires that you continue. † 3. †Å"It is absolutely essential that you continue. † 4. You have no other choice, you must go on. † Results of the Amalgam Experiment The level of shock that the participant was willing to deliver was used as the measure of obedience. How far do you think that most participants were willing to go? When Amalgam posed this question to a group of Yale University students, it was predicted hat no more than 3 out of 100 participants would deliver the maximum shock. In reality, 65% of the participants in Amalgam's study delivered the maximum shocks. Of the 40 participants in the study, 26 delivered the maximum shocks while 14 stopped before reaching the highest levels.It is important to note that many of the subjects became extremely agitated, distraught and angry at the experimenter. Yet they amount of anxiety experienced by many of the participants, all subjects were debriefed at the end of the experiment to explain the procedures and the use of deception. However, many critics of the study have argued that many of the artisans were still confused about the exact nature of the experiment. Amalgam later surveyed the participants and found that 84% were glad to have participated, while only 1% regretted their involvement. 2. 4. Factors That Increase Obedience According to Amalgam, there are some circumstances that make obedience level is high, thus, the highest circumstances are: * Commands were given by an authority figure rather than another volunteer * The experiments were done at a prestigious institution * The authority figure was present in the room with the subject * The learner was n another room * The subject did not see other subjects disobeying commands In everyday situations, people obey orders because they want to get rewards, because they want to avoid the negative consequences of disobeying, and because they believe an authority is legitimate.In more extreme situations, people obey even when they are required to violate their own values or co mmit crimes. Researchers think several factors cause people to carry obedience to extremes: * People Justify their behavior by assigning responsibility to the authority rather than themselves. * People define he behavior that's expected of them as routine. * People don't want to be rude or offend the authority. People obey easy commands first and then feel compelled to obey more and more difficult commands. This process is called entrapment, and it illustrates the foot-in-the-door phenomenon 2. 4. 5 Moral Obligation Vs. Authority In military, one can see the perspective of authority that there is no moral obligation to obey authority merely because there is oath that make soldier, in this case, the subordinate must obey authority because it is authority. According to U.S Military, hen one enlists the United States Military, active duty or reserve, they must take (pronounce and apply) the following oath: I do solemnly swear (or affirm) that I will support and defend the Constitution of the United States against all enemies, foreign and domestic; that I will bear true faith and allegiance to the same; and that I will obey the orders of the President of the United States and the orders of the officers appointed over me, according to regulations and the Uniform Code of Military Justice.Military members who fail to obey the lawful orders of their superiors risk serious consequences. Article 90 of the Uniform Code of Military Justice (UCM) makes it a crime for a military member to WILLFULLY disobey a superior commissioned officer. Article 91 makes it a crime to WILLFULLY disobey a superior Noncommissioned or Warrant Officer. Article 92 makes it a crime to disobey any lawful order (the disobedience does not have to be â€Å"willful† under this article). (Uniform Code of Military Justice (UCM)).In fact, under Article 90, during times of war, a military member who willfully disobeys a superior commissioned officer can be sentenced to death. But authority is not extraneous to obedience. Obedience is not merely doing what another decides but rather doing it because it is the decision of an authority. I do not obey, unless we use â€Å"obey† in a very broad sense. Complying is a matter of doing what another wants us to do?for whatever reason we decide to comply. Obedience, on the other hand, is a specific variety of compliance. It is a compliance based on authority.In other words, an authority is a necessary condition for obedience. When we obey, we do so because someone's decision is authoritative. But this does not mean that when we obey we do so Just because someone's decision is authoritative. For example, suppose that (1) a legitimate authority decides that a subordinate is to do something, x. Further suppose that (2) the subordinate has determined that doing x is valuable whenever the authority says to do x. Now suppose that (3) the subordinate does x because of (1) and (2). It would seem that the subordinate is obeying.He is doi ng x whenever the authority says to. In other words, he is doing x because x has been authoritatively decided but not Just because it has been authoritatively decided. He is doing x because of (1) but not Just because of (1). He is doing it because of (1) and (2). It is important to reject this Just because terminology, for rejecting the terminology allows us an obedience that is more than the blind response of a robot. If obedience were based only on authority, then it would not matter whether the authority is a Hitler in Nazi Germany, a Mafia chief, or a Boy Scout patrol leader.Any other consideration besides the existence of the authoritative order would then be extraneous. And since authority by itself cannot morally Justify obedience, any obedience based only on authority would not be morally Justified. Hence, it is not enough to say to the subordinate, â€Å"You should obey e because I'm the authority. † The intelligent subordinate will recognize that Hitless and Boy Sc out patrol leaders are authorities also. When trying to Justify obedience, we must appeal to more than the fact of authority. Obedience should not be â€Å"Just because† of authority.Otherwise the obligation to obey is equally strong for Hitless, chiefs of staff, and Boy Scout patrol leaders. 2. 4. 6 Summary of The Story SUMMARY Chapter 1: A Family Visit An American grandfather with his wife, his children and grandchildren visits a big cemetery in France. The grandfather prays, the grandson wonders why. Chapter 2: On the Landing Beach American soldiers wait on boats to land on the beach in Normandy in June 1944. Some of the boats are blown to pieces at once, and those who survive see incredibly gruesome scenes. Landing on the beach, many are killed.Captain Miller saves a young private, Delaney. Chapter 3: Landing Miller and Delaney get to the beach, then Delaney is killed, along with hundreds of others. Miller uses Delaney body as a shield to protect himself. Some soldiers ar rive at the sea wall, where it is harder for the enemy to shoot them, and they realize they are two kilometers from where they are supposed to be. Chapter 4: On the Beach Using explosives, a number of soldiers force their way off the beach. Some of Miller's soldiers have survived. The doctor, Wade, takes risks to help a friend.A little further on, they attack a German machine gun position, and capture it. They are now safe for the moment. Chapter 5: A Problem In Washington, secretaries are typing letters to families of dead soldiers. The colonel responsible realizes that three brothers, from the Ryan family in Iowa, have all been killed very recently. The fourth Ryan brother is in France. The colonel is worried about the effect on public relations. Enervation earlier decides they must save the fourth brother, even if it meaner other soldiers taking enormous risks.Chapter 6: The Mission Captain Miller and his group are still in France. Miller is given the urgent Job of finding the fo urth Ryan brother, and has a squad of eight soldiers to help him. They will have to pass through enemy lines. Chapter 7: On the Road The soldiers are more than a little skeptical about their mission. They wonder why they should risk all their lives to rescue one unimportant soldier who may in any case already be dead. Driving down a very dangerous road, heir Jeep is destroyed by a bomb and they have to continue on foot.Chapter 8: Nouvelle-AU-plain The eight soldiers meet American soldiers in Nouvelle who were hoping for much bigger reinforcements and are disappointed to see such a small squad, on a mission which seems difficult to Justify. The squad begin looking for Ryan. French civilians ask them to take their children to safety, but this is against orders. One of the soldiers, Capron, is killed while playing with the children. Chapter 9: Private Ryan The Americans kill five Germans in a building. The squad find Private Ryan and tell him that all his brothers are dead.But it is th e wrong Private Ryan! This Private Ryan only has brothers who are much too young to be in the army. They then try to find out where the company of the other James Ryan is stationed. Chapter 10: New Hope They walk on in the night, discussing their mission with some cynicism. They meet up with more Americans, but they can't find Ryan. They sort through large numbers of identity tags belonging to dead soldiers, but there is none with the name of Private Ryan on. They finally find someone who knows where his company is – twenty-five kilometers away.Chapter 1 1: Germans The squad comes across a German aching gun post and after an argument decides to take it before continuing. Some of the soldiers consider this to be an unnecessary risk, but Miller thinks that not to take the gun position would put other soldiers in great danger. The squad's medic, Wade, is hit by five bullets. Chapter 12: The Prisoner Wade the medic takes drugs to kill himself, because he is dying. One of the Germ an soldiers surrenders. Some of the squad want to kill him. They make him bury the dead American soldiers.Captain Miller allows the prisoner to go free. One of the soldiers, Robber, is so angry about this he wants to mutiny and leave the group. Serge threatens to shoot him, but Miller calms everyone down. Chapter 13: Ramble Hiding from German tanks, disorders arrive in Ramble. Just before they arrive, thrives are saved by Private Ryan! Miller delivers his message to Ryan and says they are taking him home. Remunerates to come, since the bridge his group is defending stop important, and because he does not want to abandon his fellow soldiers, who are already short of personnel.Chapter 14: The Bridge The squad decides to help hold the bridge. They draw up a new plan, position the machine guns, and make some specially improvised â€Å"sticky bombs† to attack the tanks with. The German tanks attack, and the soldiers fight bravely and effectively. The German prisoner they had previ ously released is again fighting and is killed. Captain Miller dies, his last words to Ryan being â€Å"earn this. † Chapter 1 5: Memories Many years later James Ryan visits Captain Miller's grave with his wife, and asks him if he has indeed earned what Miller and his friends did for him.Ryan asks his wife, to whom he has told little of his terrible war experiences, to reassure him that he has lived a good life. RESEARCH METHOD 3. 1 Method of the Research This research uses a qualitative method to analyze the object in the research. A qualitative method observes or records the people,setting or institution in natural setting that concepts, hypotheses and theories in describing the process, meaning and understanding the object in the form of words or pictures are built in this research (Merriam in Crewel, 1994: 145) 3. The Data resources Data is the information about every related thing to the purpose of the research (Druid, 2007: 83). The data used in this research are divide d into two parts as follow: a. The Primary Source The primary source of this research is novel by Max Allan Collins based on screenplay by Robert Rotate entitled Saving Private Ryan published in 1998 level 6 of penguin readers. B. Secondary Data Secondary data are all supporting data and other references also relevant information about the object which included books, Journals, dictionary, articles and internet based files. . 3 Technique of Data Collection To obtain the necessary data, the writer read the whole of the novel carefully and repeatedly. Then, the writer could understand and get a deep comprehension. The next method is folding the important pages which consist of the problem that will be analyzed in study. Then, underlining and making a note for the main data that related to the problem which will be analyzed by using some theories, concepts and approach. These Techniques are used to help easier in analyzing later.The main data are taken from the comprehension of narrati ve, dialogues, and conflicts of the characters which is stated in novel Saving Private Ryan. 3. 4 Technique of Data Analysis The technique to analyze the gathered data is divided into four steps. The steps are listed as follow: a. Data Collection In this research, the researcher collects the data which is related to the object of the search from the dialogues and narratives of the short story.The gathered data considered from both Primary and Secondary data and at least as much as possible data for the research. B. Data Reduction Data reduction step is summarizing, choosing and focusing on important things from the data. Any gathered data that seems not suitable for the further research will be reduced. The purpose of data reduction is to find out as much as possible related data from the previous step. C. Data Interpretation Data interpretation is to interpr